04 - ALL - Feature Fitting

Feature Fitting
© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential

Feature Fitting
• To better comprehend co-ordinate alignments it may help to
understand how Modus creates and stores features
• The information stored on a feature defines how it can be used for

both alignment and datuming
• A feature can be:

3D e.g. Plane, Cylinder, Cone, Sphere , Surface
2D e.g. Arc, Circle, Line, Slot or Curve.
• 3D rotation can only be achieved using a 3D feature, e.g. Plane,

Cylinder, Cone or 3D constructed Line.
• 2D rotation can be achieved using any feature that has a line as

part of it’s definition e.g. Line, Plane, Cylinder, Cone or a
constructed Line.
© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

Best Fit Circle
points
the areistaken...
the roundness
circle
diameter
position isis calculated...
calculated
is calculated...
calculated... ...
diameter
form
position (XYZ)

Best Fit Line (unbound)
theline
points
the straightness
direction
position
are isis
taken...is calculated...
calculated
calculated...
is calculated... ...
form
direction
position (XYZ)

Best Fit Plane
A plane
pointsisare
calculated
taken... … direction, perpendicular
to the plane and ‘out’ of
position (XYZ) the material
form
Best Fit Cylinder
points are taken...
the cylinder is calculated...
direction
form
position (XYZ)
diameter

Best Fit Cylinder
• Cylinder Fitting is one of the more complex algorithms.
• The complexity of the Cylinder fit is caused by the varying

proportions of a Cylinder e.g.
a. large diameter and a short length, or,
b. small diameter and a long length.
• In addition to the size factors a cylinder is a 3D feature and can

therefore be in any orientation.

Best Fit Cylinder
• To improve the possibility of a good fit, where possible, ensure the
nominal data in the grid window is correct. e.g. the size, location and
direction, also inner or outer setting.
• A further aid to the fitting process is the location of the measured

points, where possible, these should be on a plane that is
perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder.
Correct Measurement perpendicular to axis of cylinder
Incorrect
Measurement
Orientation

Best Fit Cylinder
Even locating
Taking particularly
the measured
more points in the
points as “middle”
previouslyof the
described
cylinder can
e.g. resultpoints,
interim in incorrect fitting of the
will guarantee cylinder. It
correct
can be created
cylinder incorrectly
orientation in both orientation and size
and size

Best Fit Cone
the cone
points areistaken...
calculated...
Direction is
always Apex to
Included Angle Base
position (XYZ)

Best Fit Sphere
the sphere is calculated…
diameter
position (XYZ)

Best Fit Round End Slot
Length
Width
position (XYZ)
Note, points are only measured in the radii. A minimum

of three points evenly spaced around each radius.

Best Fit Square End Slot
Length
Width
position (XYZ)
Note, a minimum of five points are required to

measure a square ended slot. Minimum Points
measured as two points on one side, and then
a point on each of the remaining sides.
Best Fit Arc
...the arcare
points is taken...
calculated
Included Angle
Radius
Position
(XYZ)
Start Angle from user
defined start position
Note, once the included angle of the arc falls below 90°
the accuracy obtainable for it’s radius and location is
reduced.
2D Feature Measurement
All 2D features
(Circles, Lines etc.) are
generated either
parallel or
perpendicular to the
current 3D rotation
feature. Orientation is
controlled by the
working plane.
Note, in Modus when
measuring in Polar the
correct Working Plane
must be selected
3D Rotation Plane
Measured Circles
When measuring 2D features

(Circles, Lines etc.) it is critical
that the correct working plane is
selected. In effect the system
should always “look down” onto
the feature
XY
Measuring 2D features
(Circles, Lines, Arcs,
Slots, Curves)
indicating the working
plane that should be
selected
Note, 2D features which

do not lie parallel to a
working plane require
other measuring
methods
YZ ZX
Single Point Measurement
Probe atip
When tipcalibration
is calibrated
the system knows it’s
diameter / radius and Calibrated centre of
the location of it’s tip (XYZ)
centre point
Calibrated
radius of tip

Tip centreline
Probe
the point isun-compensated
compensation
taken...
reading taken (XYZ)
applied based on the
radius of the tip and
the direction of travel
direction of
travel
direction of compensation
travel applied
point of contact
Probe compensation
applied based on the Calibrated
radius of the tip and centre of tip
the direction of travel
Probing
Direction
Calibrated
radius of tip
Reported touch position

(XYZ)
NOTE:
Direction of
measurement effects
point XYZ position
IJK direction
Probing Probing recorded
IJK out of
direction
Direction Direction the material
recorded out of
the material

(XYZ)
(XYZ)
Probing Direction
Calibrated centre
of tip Calibrated
radius of tip
Reported touch
position (XYZ)
Probing Direction Reported

IJK
Reported XYZ
Actual XYZ

Line stylus tip compensation
Probing
Direction Best fit Line
through tip centres
(uncompensated)
Line offset
by calibrated
radius of tip
Compensated Line

Circle stylus tip compensation
Final probing Compensated
direction Circle
defines if
compensation
is for an
internal or Final Probing
external circle Direction
Best fit Circle

through tip centres
(uncompensated)
Stylus tip compensation
• If multiple stylus tips e.g. a star tip array is used to measure a single
feature e.g. an ‘O’ ring groove or undercut, then all of the tips used must
have the same nominal diameter.
• Failure to comply will result in incorrect tip compensation being applied

to the measured feature.

Plane vector (IJK)
Orientation
The positionofofaaplane
planeisisdefined
definedby by
thelocation
the XYZ IJK of it’s
of vector line point
it’s centre

Vector (IJK) defined as the cosine of a angle
Y I represents the cosine of the
angle related to the X axis
J represents the cosine of the
angle related to the Y axis
K represents the cosine of the
1 angle related to the Z axis
1 1 1
135°
90°
45°
30°
X
-0.7071 0.7071
0.866
0
Assuming working in XY plane only
0.866
0
1-0.7071
I (Vector in X dir) = 0.7071
J (Vector in Y dir) = 10.7071
0.500
00.7071
K (Vector in Z dir) = 0
(0.866,0.5,0)
(0,1,0)
Therefore vector = (0.7071,0.7071,0)
(1,0,0)
(-0.7071,0.7071,0)

Vector (IJK) defined as the cosine of a angle
I J K
00 1 I J K
0.5 0.0 0.866
For a plane, the position is defined by

it’s centre point, it’s orientation by the
IJK of a line perpendicular to the plane

Defining the position and orientation of a feature
I J K
00 1
I J K
1 0 0
I J K
The position
0 -1 0
of
Theeach plane’s
orientation centre
of each plane is
point is defineddefined
by the by
XYZthe IJK of a line
value
from theperpendicular
current datumto the plane and
out of the material
Defining the position and orientation of a Surface Point
Position of points •Orientation of points

defined by XYZ defined by IJK
Exercises
Equator exercises

www.renishaw.com
RENISHAW HAS MADE CONSIDERABLE EFFORTS TO ENSURE THE CONTENT OF THIS DOCUMENT IS CORRECT AT THE DATE OF PUBLICATION BUT
MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE CONTENT. RENISHAW EXCLUDES LIABILITY, HOWSOEVER ARISING, FOR ANY
INACCURACIES IN THIS DOCUMENT.
©2010 Renishaw plc. All rights reserved. Renishaw reserves the right to change specifications without notice
RENISHAW® and the probe emblem used in the RENISHAW logo are registered trademarks of Renishaw plc in the UK and other countries.
apply innovation is a trademark of Renishaw plc.
© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential Issued JUNE 2016 Part No. TM-5683-5114-02

04 - ALL - Feature Fitting

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Feature Fitting

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential

• The information stored on a feature defines how it can be used for

• A feature can be:

• 3D rotation can only be achieved using a 3D feature, e.g. Plane,

• 2D rotation can be achieved using any feature that has a line as

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

• The complexity of the Cylinder fit is caused by the varying

a. large diameter and a short length, or,

b. small diameter and a long length.

• In addition to the size factors a cylinder is a 3D feature and can

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

• A further aid to the fitting process is the location of the measured

Correct Measurement perpendicular to axis of cylinder

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

Note, points are only measured in the radii. A minimum

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

Note, a minimum of five points are required to

When measuring 2D features

Note, 2D features which

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

Reported touch position

Reported touch position

Probing Direction Reported

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

Best fit Circle

• Failure to comply will result in incorrect tip compensation being applied

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

For a plane, the position is defined by

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

Position of points •Orientation of points

© 2016 Renishaw plc – Company confidential TM-5683-5114-02

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