Composite steel & concrete structures are widely used in modern
Bridge, and building construction. A composite member is defined as consisting of a rolled or a built- up structural steel shape that is either filled with concrete, encased by reinforced concrete or structurally connected to a reinforced concrete slab. COMPOSITE BEAMS Composite beams, subject mainly to bending, consist of a steel section acting compositely with one (or two) flanges of reinforced concrete.
The two materials are interconnected by means of
mechanical shear connectors. It is current European practice to achieve this connection by means of headed studs, semi-automatically welded to the steel flange Instead of an in situ concrete slab, precast concrete floor or deck units can be used Typical Beam Cross Sections Composite beams, have high stiffness and can carry heavy loads on long spans. Composite Steel Beam-Concrete Slab Interaction Composite column Three different types of composite columns are principally in use: concrete encased steel columns concrete filled steel tubes and rolled section columns partly encased in concrete
Could be used for slender columns of high rise buildings
Usually placed at the lower floors of the building to resist the high loading coming from upper floors Typical Cross Sections of Composite Columns In calculating the strength of such columns, full composite interaction without any slip at the steel-concrete-interface is assumed.
Concrete encased columns have the advantage that they
meet fire resistance requirements without any other protection Composite Slabs The composite slabs are supported by steel beams, which normally act compositely with the concrete slab. Modern profiled steel sheeting with additional indentations or embossments acts as both permanent formwork during concreting and tension reinforcement after the concrete has hardened. The Use of Metal Decking in Composite Construction Composite Floor Construction Composite Bridges Medium span composite bridges are commonly constructed from welded, built up, steel plate girders and a wide reinforced concrete deck, Types of Shear Connectors
Shear connectors are generally classified into three
categories, a) Rigid type b) Flexible type c) Bond type
Design of connectors includes: checking capacity,
dimension and spacing Rigid Type Connectors: These connectors as the name implies, are designed to be bent proof with little inherent power of deformation. the most common types are short length of bars, angles or tees welded on to the steel girder Failures in these types of connectors are generally associated with the crushing of concrete. Flexible Type Connectors
Flexible type connectors such as studs,
channels welded to the structural beams derive their resistance essentially through the bending of the connectors failure occurs when the yield stress in the connector is exceeded resulting in slip between the structural beam and the concrete slab. Bond or Anchorage Type Connectors These connectors derive their resistance through bond and/or anchorage action. These include: Inclined bars with one end welded to the flange of the steel unit and the other suitably bent. M.S. bar welded to the flange of the steel unit in the form of helical stirrups. THANK YOU!