INTRODUCTION

•Generally drawing refers to graphic form of

representation.
•In this course working drawing means a scaled
drawing serves as guide for the construction of
buildings or sites.
 Need of working drawings
• Communicate technical information throughout
the building team.
• To show how designers to materialize
• Means of obtaining official approval
• Helps in analysis of cost factor
• Establish the use of material
• Provides details of tender
• Provides details for demonstrating construction
• Assist in the measurement of progress of
construction
 Requirement of working drawings
Any working drawing should be:-
• Clearly representative
• Easily understood
• Comprehensive
• Free from unnecessary notes (repetitive details)
• Accurately drawn (proper also in line of work)
• Drawn with appropriate symbols and proper
conventions
• Well dimensioned
To fulfill the above requirement any working drawing must
contain certain information like
• General information on each drawing/schedule
• Name of project and location
• Project reference and drawing number
• Name of designer/consultant and address of contact
including telephone number
• General description of contents of drawings
• Scales employed on drawings
• Date of drawing when completed
• Key to non-standard
• key plan
• Vicinity map
• North arrow; this may include true north and building
north
 Type of working drawing
There are different kind or type of working
drawing in any design.
• Architectural working drawing
• Structural working drawing
• Sanitary working drawing
• Electrical working drawing
• Mechanical working drawing
 Symbols and nomenclature used in
working drawings
• The drawing of an architectural working
drawing requires a knowledge of the symbols
and terms commonly used in the design and
construction industry.
• In order to simplify the details on a drawing
and to speed drawing time it is necessary to
use architectural symbols.
 RULES FOR DRAWING SYMBOLS
• 1. Always use drawing instruments. Never draw the symbols
freehand on a working drawing. Use an architectural drawing
template to increase the speed and clarity of the Symbols. Be
certain that the template figures are the same scale as your
drawing's scale.
• 2. The location of the symbol on the working drawing is
closely approximated. If an exact location is required,
dimensions must be added to the symbol on the drawing
• 3. Symbols are not drawn to the exact size of the actual item.
The general size of the architectural symbols will vary with the
scale of the drawing. The symbol should be of convenient
reading size, It should not be too small or large.
• 4. Material symbols need not cover the full surface.
Repetitious drawing symbols need not be completely drawn.
• 5. Have references for architectural symbols available.
Paper size
• The figure below shows a typical building placed
approximately in the center of the sheet after
space has been set a side for binding on the left,
notes on the right and reserved space and title
block on the bottom. This plan leaves adequate
space for dimensioning and some essential
details that may be required on the same sheet.
Line types
 Assignment
Draw various types of symbols on free hand
drawing on A4 size paper.
• Plumbing symbol
• Window symbol
• Door symbol
• Fixture symbol
• Building material symbol
• Electrical, telecommunications and fire protection
symbol