Managing Database Storage Structures

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Objectives

After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

• Describe the storage of table row data in blocks
• Define the purpose of tablespaces and data files
• Create and manage tablespaces
• Obtain tablespace information
• Describe the main concepts and functionality
of Automatic Storage Management (ASM)

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6-3 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 How Table Data Is Stored

Columns Blocks

Table A Table B

Rows

Segment Segment

Table
Tablespace

Row piece Extent

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 Database Block: Contents

Block header
Growth
Free space

Row data

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6-6 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 Space Management in Tablespaces

• Locally managed tablespace:

– Free extents are managed in the tablespace.
– A bitmap is used to record free extents.
– Each bit corresponds to a block or group of blocks.
– The bit value indicates free or used extents.
– Use of locally managed tablespaces is recommended.
• Dictionary-managed tablespace:
– Free extents are managed by Oracle.
– Appropriate tables are updated when extents are
allocated or unallocated.
– These tablespaces are supported only for backward
compatibility.

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6-8 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 Creating a New Tablespace

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 Storage for Locally Managed Tablespaces

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 Tablespaces in the Preconfigured Database

SYSTEM • UNDOTBS1
SYSAUX • USERS
TEMP • EXAMPLE

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 Altering a Tablespace

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 Actions with Tablespaces

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 Dropping Tablespaces

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 Viewing Tablespace Information

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 Gathering Storage Information

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 Viewing Tablespace Contents

12061_1_sel_ts_3

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 Oracle Managed Files (OMF)

Specify file operations in terms of database objects rather

than file names.
Parameter Description

DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST Defines the location of the default file

DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_n
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
system directory for data files and
temporary files
Defines the location for redo log files
and control file creation
Default location for the flash recovery
area

Example:
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '/u01/oradata';
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_1;

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6 - 19 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
 Automatic Storage Management

• Is a portable and high-performance

cluster file system
• Manages Oracle database files
Application
• Spreads data across disks
to balance load
Database
• Mirrors data
File
• Solves storage-management system
challenges ASM
Volume
manager

Operating system

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 ASM: Key Features and Benefits

• Stripes files but not logical volumes

• Provides online disk reconfiguration and dynamic
rebalancing
• Allows for adjustable rebalancing speed
• Provides redundancy on a per-file basis
• Supports only Oracle database files
• Is cluster aware
• Is automatically installed

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 ASM: Concepts

ASM
Database
disk group

Tablespace Data file ASM file

Segment ASM disk

File-system
Extent
file Allocation unit
or
raw device
Oracle
block Physical
block

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 Summary

In this lesson, you should have learned how to:

• Describe the storage of table row data in blocks
• Define the purpose of tablespaces and data files
• Create and manage tablespaces
• Obtain tablespace information
• Describe the main concepts and functionality
of Automatic Storage Management (ASM)

6 - 23 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 Practice 6 Overview:
Managing Database Storage Structures

This practice covers the following topics:

• Creating tablespaces
• Gathering information about tablespaces

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