Machinery Monitoring

Systems
By Ahmed Khairy
@ICCC
Agenda
• What is vibration?
• Vibration units
• Vibration monitoring systems
• Vibration analysis
What is vibration?

•Vibration means the state of an

object moving repetitively
back/forward, right/ left or up/down
and is generally expressed by
Frequency, Displacement, Velocity,
and Acceleration. These 4 elements are
generally denoted as F, Ｄ,Ｖ,Ａ. This is
illustrated simply as a spring and mass.
When the mass is pulled down from
the start position and released, the
mass moves just like the vibration
waveform shown in the graph on the
right.
What is vibration?
• Vibration can be divided
into three types based on
human perceptions;
1. "slow motion and
visible"
2. "invisible but sensible
by touching" and
3. "insensible by
touching, but audible as
abnormal noise
Vibration units
• Frequency: means the number of times that vibrating object
generates a repetitive motion in 1 second.Unit：Hz
• Displacement: means the amplitude (distance) between the peaks of
vibration .Unit：μm, mm
• Velocity: means the changing rate of displacement (D) to time
Unit: mm/s, cm/s
• Acceleration: means the changing rate of velocity(V) to time
Unit: m/s2, g
Machinery health monitoring systems
• Vibration monitoring system or Machinery
Health system, used to indicate the status and
the condition of the machines like turbines,
compressors, gearboxes, pumps, and motors.
• Using vibration analysis in time domain form or
frequency spectrum we can indicate if the
machine in normal condition or in abnormal
like
 Angular or parallel misalignment
 Unbalance
 Failure of Bearing
 Looseness
 Resonance
 Cavitation
• It can also indicate/ draw the orbit of a shaft
center line from the x and y relative shaft
vibration probes
Vibration monitoring systems

• There are two types of vibration measurement methods "Permanent

online vibration monitoring system" and "Portable offline monitoring
system".
• Either one is selected generally depending on importance rank of
equipment
Vibration monitoring systems
 Vibration Transducers
• Displacement transducers
(proximity probes)
• Velocity probes (velometers)
• Accelerometers
• Choosing the right type of sensor
depends both on the application
(for example, whether shaft
vibration or vibration of machine
case are measured) and on the
frequency range of interest.
 Vibration Transducers
• the non-contact displacement
sensors have the upper frequency
limit at approximately 2000 Hz
• But already in the range from 1000
to 2000 Hz, measurements
performed by non-contact proximity
probes are very suspicious because
it is not possible to adequately
eliminate the influence of
unevenness of the shaft surface,
which is comparable to the
measured displacements.
accelerometer
• An accelerometer is an
instrument that measures
the acceleration of a
vibrating body
.Accelerometers are widely
used for vibration
measurements ,and also to
record earthquakes. From
the accelerometer record,
the velocity and
displacements are obtained
by integration.
Vibration monitoring systems
Emerson CSI 6500
Vibration monitoring systems
SHINKAWA VM-7 Series-forbes marchall
Vibration monitoring systems
Bentley Nevada
Vibration monitoring systems
Bentley Nevada 3500-General Electric
Vibration monitoring systems
Bentley Nevada 3500
• Machinery health system monitoring can monitor
• Relative shaft vibration(X & Y)
• Casing vibration/acceleration/ velocity
• Axial displacement/thrust (2OO2 voting system)
• Speed/tachometer
• over speed detection(2OO3 voting system)
• Bearing temperatures
Practical system