MODELO DE DATOS

Fuente: Fekete
Vasquez and Beggs
AlMarhoun 1985 (Saudi Arabian Oil)

Beggs and Robinson

Beggs and Robinson developed an empirical correlation for determining the viscosity of dead oil. The correlation originated from analyzing
460 dead oil viscosity measurements. The data set from which the results were obtained ranged from 16°API to 58°API and 70°F to
295°F. The correlation tends to overstate the viscosity of the crude oil when dealing in temperature ranges below 100°F to 150°F.
De Ghetto et al. (Heavy and ExtraHeavy Oils) - 1
The De Ghetto et al. correlation contains modified PVT correlations for estimating bubble point pressure, solution
gas oil ratio, oil formation volume factor (FVF), oil compressibility, and oil viscosity for heavy (10°< API < 22.3°) and
extraheavy oils (API < 10°). The oils used for developing the correlation came from reservoir fluid samples taken
from the Mediterranean Basin, Africa, and the Persian Gulf. When comparing published correlations, De Ghetto et
al. decided that the Vasquez and Beggs correlation estimated the oil formation volume factor with minimal error, and
therefore no further modification was needed. Note that in contrast with other correlations, the De Ghetto et al.
correlation requires the pressure and temperature at the separator.

Heavy Oils (10° < API < 22.3°)

De Ghetto et al. (Heavy and ExtraHeavy Oils) - 2
Glaso (North Sea Oil)

The Glaso correlation contains equations for estimating

bubble point pressure, solution gas oil ratio, and oil
formation volume factor for North Sea oils.

The author claims that the correlation should be valid for all
types of oil and gas mixtures after correcting for
nonhydrocarbons in the surface gases and the paraffinicity
of the oil.

According to the author, the correlation more accurately

predicts the oil properties of North Sea oils than the
Standing correlation.

Note: The oil compressibility used in this equation is

obtained from the Vasquez and Beggs correlation.
Hanafy et al. (Egyptian Oil) The Hanafy et al. correlation contains equations for estimating bubble point pressure,
solution gas oil ratio, oil formation volume factor, oil compressibility, oil viscosity, and oil
density for Egyptian oils. The compressibility correlation assumes constant
compressibility after the bubble point. This correlation is independent of oil gravity and
reservoir temperature. The PVT data used in the derivation of the correlations
was gathered from the Gulf of Suez, Western Desert, and Sinai regions. The authors
claim that the correlations can be used to estimate oil properties for a wide range of
crude oils ranging from heavy to volatile oils. However our observations are that it
appears to be closer to the properties of light oils.

Note: This equation uses the Vasquez and Beggs correlation.

Khan et al. (Saudi Arabian Oil)
The Khan et al. correlation contains equations for estimating oil viscosity at,
above, and below the bubble point for Saudi Arabian oils. The study used
data from 75 bottomhole samples, which were taken from 65 Saudi Arabian
reservoirs.

The authors claim that this correlation gives the most accurate predictions
for Saudi Arabian crude oils, as compared to the Beggs and Robinson,
Beal, and Chew and Connally correlations. For this correlation, oil gravity
must be less than 1 (10° API).
Ng and Egbogah

The Ng and Egbogah correlation contains two methods for

calculating dead oil viscosity using a modified Beggs and
Robinson viscosity correlation and a correlation that uses
the pour point temperature.

Pour point temperature is the lowest temperature at

which the oil is observed to flow when cooled and
examined under conditions prescribed in ASTM D97.

The purpose of introducing the pour point temperature into

the correlation is to reflect the chemical composition of
crude oil into the viscosity correlation.

To obtain the viscosity for live oils, the dead oil correlations
are used with the Beggs and Robinson viscosity correlation.
The data used to derive the correlations was taken from the
Reservoir Fluids Analysis Laboratory of AGAT Engineering
Ltd., using a total of 394 oil systems.
Petrosky and Farshad (Gulf of Mexico)

The Petrosky and Farshad correlation contains equations

for estimating bubble point pressure, solution gas oil ratio,
oil formation volume factor, and oil compressibility for Gulf
of Mexico oils.

The correlation was developed using fluid samples taken

from offshore regions in Texas and Louisiana
(Galveston Island eastward through Main Pass).

The authors claim that these correlations provide improved

results over other correlations for the Gulf of Mexico,
including those published by Standing, Vasquez and
Beggs, Glaso, and AlMarhoun.
Standing (California Oil)

The Standing correlation contains equations for

estimating bubble point pressure, solution gas oil
ratio, and oil formation volume factor for
California oils.

105 experimentally determined data points on 22

different Oilgas mixtures from California were
used in the development of the correlations.
Velarde et al. (Reduced Variable Approach)

Reduced Variable Approach

The Velarde et al. correlation contains equations for estimating bubble

point pressure, solution gas oil ratio, and oil formation volume factor.

The bubble point pressure correlation was based on 728 data sets. The
solution gas oil ratio was based on 2097 data sets.
The reduced solution gas oil ratio is defined as the solution gas oil
ratio divided by the solution gas oil ratio at the bubble point.

The reduced pressure is defined as the pressure divided by the

bubble point pressure.

Using the above relationship the reduced solution gas oil ratio and
the solution gas oil ratio at the bubble point are used to solve for the
actual solution gas oil ratio at any pressure below the bubble point.
 Oil FVF – Undersaturated

The oil compressibility used in this equation is obtained from the Vasquez and
Beggs correlation. All pressures in the above equations are measured in psia.

In the above equation an initial estimate of ρpo is calculated as follows:

Once this initial value is known, ρpo is calculated through a 10 step

iteration process using the following equations. The values from the ninth
and tenth iterations are averaged to yield a final value for ρpo.