Unit 2.

4
Leadership and Management
Introduction
 Leadership
art of influence
 Management
science of reason
◦ Senior Management
◦ Middle Management
◦ Junior/Supervisory Management
Nature of Leadership
 Official Leader
given formal authority over others

 Informal Leader
natural way of influencing people
Nature of Management
 Henri Fayol  Henry Mintzberg
Traditional Functions Roles of Managers
of Managers ◦ Interpersonal Role
◦ Planning ◦ Informational Role
◦ Organizing ◦ Decision-Making Role
◦ Commanding  Tasks of Managers
◦ Coordinating ◦ Routine Tasks
◦ Controlling ◦ Planning Tasks
◦ Communication Tasks
Management vs. Leadership
 Not all leaders are managers.
 Not all managers are effective leaders.
 Effective managers are also effective
leaders.
 Effective management and leadership
leads to a motivated and more productive
workforce.
Leadership Styles
 Autocratic
 Paternalistic
 Democratic
 Laissez-fiar
Autocratic Leadership
 Manager makes all decisions
 Minimal delegation of responsibility
 Ideal when critical decisions must be
made or with an unskilled workforce.
 Top-down communication limits valuable
feedback and leads to employee
resentment.
Paternalistic Leadership
 Very similar to autocratic leadership.
 Difference is that the leader
demonstrates a sense of caring for
subordinates.
 Yet minimal responsibility is delegated and
leader still makes all decisions.
Democratic Leadership
 Leader discusses and involves employees
in decision making.
 Improves moral and motivation of
employees.
 Ideal when the leader cannot always be
present for decisions to be made.
 Delays decision making and difficult with a
large workforce.
Laissez-fair
 Intentional lack of involvement by the leader.
 Subordinates given responsibility to best
decide how to meet the objectives set forth
by the leader.
 High levels of staff motivation.
 Ideal for skilled workers, especially in jobs
that require creativity.
 Encourages slack and makes organization
wide decision making very time consuming.
Situational Leadership
 No single approach to leadership.
 Leaders adapt their style to best fit the
situation.
 Factors affecting leadership style:
◦ Culture
◦ Leader
◦ Organization
◦ Task
◦ Subordinates