Ground Water Quality Evaluation

in a Rural Stretch of Tezpur, Assam (India)

Using Water Quality Index

By
Neeraj Nikhil, CIB10014
Vivek Kumar , CIB10020
Nirab Medhi , CIB10022
Dept of Civil Engineering
 INDIA – PRESENT SCENARIO

Majority of rural and semi

urban population depends on
Ground Water

Untreated/ill-treated water
may lead to several
undesirable effect

Being the resident of Tezpur we have taken the initiative to find the problems
associated with the DRINKING water quality
 TEZPUR – PRESENT SCENARIO

Rural and semi-urban Population Unaware POLLUTANTS

Groundwater developed few intuitive techniques

to meet domestic needs for WATER PURIFICATION

Which may contain Evolved through past experiences

Iron, fluoride, arsenic, turbidity etc., and carried through generations

May not meet STANDARDS

3
Affects of the main problem
causing contaminants
Fluoride

Discoloration and
mottling of teeth

Bone fluorisis
Iron
Arsenic
Turbidity
 Government Initiative

‘Water Technology Initiative’ of DST

Major Objectives

to provide safe drinking water at

affordable cost and in adequate quantity

using appropriate science and technological interventions.

9
 Government Initiative
WAR for Water:

• Prepared by Ministry of Science and Technology on the directive of

Hon’ble Supreme Court of India.

• Highlights the need for imminent technical solutions to the problems

of water scarcity in the country
Major Challenge

Solving problems of water scarcity through undertaking

R & D of demonstratable technical solutions for

geological contamination with IRON, FLUORIDE &

ARSENIC.
10
 Major Objective

To characterize water quality of the study area and

identify changes or trends in water quality over time.

To identify specific existing or emerging water quality

problems based on analysis of the data using WQI

To examine whether compliance with pollution regulations

or implementation of effective pollution control actions are
being met

To suggest specific water quality alleviation and/or pollution

prevention/ remediation strategies by synthesizing the findings
of the study.
 Total Work

Panchmile
Dolabari 20 aug
pH
30 aug
NERIWALM Iron
10 sep
Aambagan Fluoride
21 sep
Tribeni TDS
29 sep
Turbidity WQI
Mission Chariali 10 oct
Hardness Calculated
Parowa Chariali 19 oct
Alkalinity
31 oct
Parowa Gaon DO
9 nov
Near Kabristhan EC
18 nov
TU Main Gate
Sampling
Ten batches of samples have been collected from the locations shown and
preserved as per the guidelines.

TU GATE

KABRISTAN

PANCHMILE
PORWA

MISSION
DOLABARI
CHARIALI
PAROWA CHARIALI

NERIWALM

TRIBENI
AAMBAGAN
Panchmile Dolabari

NERIWALM AAMBAGAN
TRIBENI Mission Chariali

PAROWA
Parowa Chariali GAON
Near Kabristhan

TU Main Gate
 MONTH LEGEND

AUGUST MONSOON

SEPTMEBER MONSOON

OCTOBER RECEDING MONSOON

NOVEMBER POST MONSOON

 Analysis Of the Samples

20 Aug
30 Aug Analyzed
Sampling done

10 Sep as per Standard

21 Sep Guidelines
29 Sep
10 Oct
19 Oct
31 Oct
9 Nov
18 Nov
Results
pH (WHO/BIS range – 6.5 to 8.5)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

9
Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate

7
pH

4
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec

Collection Date
TDS (WHO/BIS limit – 2000 mg/L)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate

400

350

300
TDS (mg/L)

250

200

150

100

50

0
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec
Collection Date
Electrical Conductivity (WHO/BIS limit - 500μs/cm)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate
900

800

700

600

500
EC

400

300

200

100

0
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec

Collection Date
Turbidity (WHO/BIS limit – 5 NTU)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate
55

50

45

40

35
Turbidity (NTU)

30

25

20

15

10

0
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec
Collection Date
Iron (WHO/BIS limit – 0.3 mg/L)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate
3.00

2.50

2.00
IRON (mg/L)

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Collection Date
Hardness (WHO/BIS limit – 600mg/l)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate
300

250

200
Hardness (mg/L)

150

100

50

0
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec
Collection Date
Fluoride (WHO/BIS limit - 1.5 mg/L)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate

3.00

2.50

2.00
Fluoride (mg/L)

1.50

1.00

0.50

0.00
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec
Collection Date
Alkalinity (WHO/BIS limit – 200mg/l)

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate

600

500

400
Alkalinity

300

200

100

0
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec
Collection Date
DO Not Desirable

Panchmile Dolabari NERIWALM Aaambagan Tribeni

Mission Chariali Parowa Chariali Parowa Kabristan TU Gate

4
DO (ppm)

0
14-Aug 24-Aug 3-Sep 13-Sep 23-Sep 3-Oct 13-Oct 23-Oct 2-Nov 12-Nov 22-Nov 2-Dec

Collection Date
Analysis
What is Water Quality Index?
• A water quality index is a mean to summarize large amounts of water
quality data into simple terms (e.g., good, medium, fair, etc.) for
reporting to management and the public in a consistent manner.

• Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the most effective tools to

communicate information on the quality of water to concerned
citizens and policy makers.

• Once the WQI are developed and applied, they serve as convenient
tools to examine trends, to highlight specific environmental
conditions, and to help governmental decision-makers in evaluating
the effectiveness of regulatory programmes .
Analysis Based on Water Quality Index (WQI)

= weighted sum

Where,
qi is the water quality score of parameter i
wi is the relative weighting factor of parameter i
n is the number of parameters
Water Quality Index

Water Quality Factors and Weights

Parameters Weight

pH 0.25

Total Dissolved Solids 0.3125

Turbidity 0.1875

EC 0.25
Water Quality Index

WQI Quality Scale

91 - 100 Excellent water quality

71 – 90 Good water quality

51 – 70 Medium or average water quality

26 – 50 Fair water quality

0 - 25 Poor water quality

Sample calculation of WQI values
Sampling Date: 10th October 2013
Site: NERIWALM (Station: 03)

Parameter Values qi wi qiwi

pH 6.75 82 0.25 20.5

TDS 305 59 0.3125 18.4375

Turbidity 0.80 97 0.1875 18.1875

EC 560 55 0.25 13.75

WQI = 71
Good water
quality
WQI based on mean values

Unfit for drinking

Sampling Sites WQI (Mean) Quality
Panchmile 73 Good water quality High Iron conc.
Dolabari 66 Medium or average water quality
NERIWALM 70 Medium or average water quality
Aaambagan 72 Good water quality
Tribeni 69 Medium or average water quality
Mission Chariali 82 Good water quality
Parowa Chariali 73 Good water quality
Parowa Gaon 77 Good water quality
Kabristan 76 Good water quality
TU Gate 81 Good water quality
100

80

60

40

20

0
WQI based on adverse values

Unfit for drinking

Sampling Sites WQI Quality
Panchmile 71 Good water quality High Iron conc.
Dolabari 58 Medium or average water quality
NERIWALM 63 Medium or average water quality
Aaambagan 63 Medium or average water quality
Tribeni 61 Medium or average water quality
Mission Chariali 78 Good water quality
Parowa Chariali 67 Medium or average water quality
Parowa Gaon 74 Good water quality
Kabristan 57 Medium or average water quality
TU Gate 74 Good water quality
100

80

60

40

20

0
Conclusion
Conclusion

High iron concentration

Unfit for
Panchmile
drinking

High turbidity during

monsoon

Dolabari, NERIWALM & Tribeni - Average Water Quality

Significant TDS Fluctuation During Monsoon
Period

Aambagan – Good Water Quality

Hardness Variation Is Significant During
Sampling Period
Conclusion

Parowa Chariali, Parowa Gaon, Kabristhan & TU Main Gate - Good Water Quality
Parowa Chariali turbidity rises during the post
monsoon periods at unacceptable levels

Fluoride Content Of Water Samples From All The Stations

Lie Within The Range As Suggested By W.H.O Guidelines
During The Last Leg Of Sampling Period
Fluoride Shows An Increasing Trend
Thank you