INTRODUCTION

 A pile driver is a machine that is used to push piles into the ground

 Any device that drives poles (also called piles) into the ground to add foundation support

 Basically piles are poles and the purpose of driving them into the soil is to provide support to
structures.

 A guided weight placed on a pole, which is then raised into the air and driven down onto a pole.

 Timber piles, driven by hand, have been around since man first started building shelters near lakes
and rivers.

 Steel piles have been used since 1800 and concrete piles since about 1900.

 The first "modem" pile-driving equipment by the Swedish inventor Christopher Phloem in 1740.
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 Load-bearing piles, are used primarily to transmit structural loads,

 If the load is transmitted to the soil through skin friction between the surface
of the pile and the soil, the pile is called a friction pile.

 If the load is transmitted to the soil through the pile's lower tip, the pile is
called an end-bearing pile.
TYPES OF PILE DRIVERS

 Impact Hammers,

 Vibratory Driver / Extractors

 Special Hydraulic Presses Supporting Equipment

Types of pile driving hammers
Drop Hammers
 are the simplest and oldest type of Impact Hammer.

 are a heavy metal weight that is lifted by a hoisting line, then realized and
allowed to fall on top of the pile.
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 Leads are used to hold the pile in position and to guide the movement of the
hammer
 Helmet or sometimes a hood is used to avoid damage to the pile- head
due to hammer bellows, a pile cap and cushion may be provided.
 Standard drop hammers in sizes 2.30 to 13.60 kN.
 The height of the drop or fall from 1.5 to 6.0 m.
PILE DRIVING WITH DROP HAMMER
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
 Small initial investment in the beginning of the project

 simplicity in operation of the hammer

 Energy per below may be varied by varying the height of fall

 Suitable for deriving piles on remote projects

Disadvantages
 A slow rate of driving a pile .

 Possibility of damage of pile- head by lifting a hammer too high.

 Chance of damaging adjacent structures due vibrations created by hammer 4.

 Unsuitable for underwater driving a pile

Double- Acting Steam / Air Hammers

 Steam or air pressure is applied to the underside of the piston to raise the
ram.

 Applied to the top side of the piston to increase the energy per blow.

 With a given weight of ram, it is possible to attain a desired amount of

energy.

 Number of blows per minute will be approximately twice as greater as for a

single- acting.
AIR (OR STEAM) HAMMERS
(c) Double-acting
Advantages of Double- Acting compared with Single- Acting
Hammer:

 Greater number of blows per minute reduces the time required to drive
piles.

 Greater number of blows per minute reduces the development of static skin
Piles.

 Piles can be driven more easily without leads

Disadvantages of Double-Acting compared with Single- acting Hammer:

 Relatively light weight and high velocity of the ram.

 The hammer is more complicated.

Differential- Acting Steam / Air Hammers

 Air pressure is used to lift the ram is not exhausted at the end of the upward
stroke.

 But, is valued over the piston to accelerate the ram on the down-stroke.

 The number of blows per minute is comparable with that for a double- acting
hammer

 It is reported that this hammer will drive a pile in one- half the time required by the
same size

 single- acting hammer and in doing so will use 25 to 35 percent less steam or air.
2 HYDRAULIC HAMMERS

These hammers operate on the differential principle of hydraulic fluid

instead of steam or compressed air used by conventional hammers.
Dynamic pile- driving formulae in current use are applicable to these
hammers

Hydraulic Impact Hammers

3 Diesel Hammers

 Self-contained driving unit which does not require an external source

of energy

 Simpler and more easily moved from one location to another than a
steam.

 A complete unit consists of a vertical cylinder, a piston or ram, an

anvil, fuel- and lubricating- oil tanks, a fuel pump, ejector, and a
mechanical lubricator.
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

Advantages
 Needs no external source of energy and hence more mobile.
 It requires less time to set up and start operation.
 Economical to operate
 Convenient to operate in remote areas as it uses diesel oil
Disadvantages
 Difficult to determine the energy per blow for the hammer.
 The number of strokes per minute is less than for a steam hammer
 The hammer may not operate well when driving piles into soft grounds
Diesel hammer
3.Vibratory Pile Drivers

 Demonstrated their effectiveness in speed and economy .

 Effective when the piles are driven into water- saturated non-cohesive
soils.
 Are equipped with horizontal shafts, to which eccentric weights are
attached
PILING RIG
 Used in making foundations.

 Able to be attached to a crawler chassis

 Piledriving rigs are configured in many different ways,

depending on the task requirements

 A pile lead or a template is utilized to maintain alignment

and position of the pile and driver.
PILING RIG
CHARACTERISTICS OF PILE DRIVING

 Adequate cushioning material between the pile driver's driving cap.

 The top of the concrete pile is a very economical way of reducing
driving stresses in the pile.
 vary in thickness from 4 to 8 in

 Driving stresses are proportional to the ram impact velocity.

 stresses, are reduced by using a hammer with a heavy rammed.

 A low impact velocity or large stroke.

 DRIVEN PILES ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

 Piles may be of timber, steel or concrete.

 When the piles are of concrete, they are to be precast

Advantages
 Piles can be precast to the required specifications.

 Piles of any size, length and shape can be made in advance and used at
the site.
 As a result, the progress of the work Will be rapid.

 A pile driven into granular soil compacts the adjacent soil mass .
 DISADVANTAGES
 Precast or prestressed concrete piles must be properly reinforced.
stresses during
 Advance planning is required for handling and driving.

 Requires heavy equipment for handling and driving.

Conclusion

A pile driver is any device that drives poles (also called piles) into the
ground.
A guided weight placed on a pole, which is then raised into the air and
driven down onto a pole.
Used in the construction field for many years, and many different
models exist.
Tank you for
your
attention