INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS

An IS can be defined technically as set of interrelated components that collect ,

process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in
an organization. In addition to supporting decision making coordination and
control. IS may also help mangers and works analyze problem, visualize complex
subject and create a new products.
"Without Your Involvement,
You Can't Succeed
With your Involvement,
You Can't Fail"
FIG. FUNCTIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONS AND LEVEL OF MANAGEMENT:

Planning : Establishing organization goals.

Developing Strategies to achieve goals.

Organizing : Developing structure of the organization.

Acquiring human resources.

Leading : Motivating and managing employees.

Forming task groups.

Controlling : Evaluating performance.

Controlling and organizations resources.

Levels of Management:

Top Management.
Middle Management.
First-Line Management.
FRAMEWORK FOR INFROMATION SYSTEMS:

OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS:
At this level the primary concern is to collect validate and record transactions data
describing the acquisatation or disbursement of corporate. It has the following
characteristics:

 Repetitiveness.
 Predictability.
 Emphasis on the post.
 Detailed nature.
 Internal orgin.
 Structured form.
 Great Accuracy.

Tactical System:

It provide middle level managers with the information they need to monitor
and control operations and to allocate their resources. It has the following
characteristics:
 Summary Reports.
 Exception Reports.
 Adhoc Reports.
 Periodic Nature.
 Unexpected finding.
 Comparative nature.
 Both internal and external sources.

Strategic planning Systems:

It designed to provide top managers with information that assist them in

making long range planning decision for the organization. It has the following
characteristics:

 Adhoc Basic.
 Unexpected information's.
 Summary form.
 External data.
 Unstructured format.
STAGES OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GROWTH:

Edgar schein has proposed a framework showing the evolution of new it with in the
organization that provides a holistic view of the organizational change process his phases
includes.

1. Investment or project initiation. (Stagnation –A)

2. Technology learning and adaption. (Stagnation – B)

3. Management control. (Stagnation – c)

4.Wide spread technology transfer

FIG. STAGES OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY GROWTH
System Concepts:

A system is an integrated set of components or entities that interacts to achieve a particular

function of goal. Systems are composed of iterated and interdependent subsystems.

System are characteristics such as boundaries, input and output method of converting input
and output use system interface.

 System Boundaries.

 System and subsystem.

 Output and inputs.

 Subsystem Interface.
SYSTEMS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS:

The system’s environment consists of people, organizations and other systems that supply
data to or that receive data from the system various kinds of systems may interact with the
environment in different ways.

 Open and closed systems.

 Systems Feed back.

 System Entropy.

 System stress and change.
HOW A SYSTEM WORKS:

 System concept in business.- Mgt is the practice of organizing resources, including

people , material, procedure and machine to achieve objective.

 An information system- Consist of hardware, software, personnel, Database and

procedure to accomplish its objective.(Fig)

 Sub system.

 Outputs and inputs-Like other system receives input of data and instructions process
the data according to the instruction it produce the output.(Fig_Inventory)

 Hierarchy of sub system.

 System feed back.

 Sub system interface-Output of one sub system become the input into the next.

 Internal controls-Make sure that data are processed accurately.

 CUSTOMER NEEDS

FINISHED GOODS

PRODUCT IN USE

FIG . MARKET RESEARCH SUBSYSTEM

SYSTEM APPROACH TO PROBLEM SOLVING:

It has the following steps:

1. Define the problem.

2. Gather data describing the problem-Based on the environment,

current standard, management, input resource.

3. Identify alternative solution.

4. Evaluate the alternatives.

5. Select and implement the best alternative.

6. Follow up to determine whether the solution is working.

TRANSITION TO LEARNING ORGANIZATION :

The most successful corporations will be the learning organizations and the ability to
learn faster than the competition.

The disciplines of the learning organizations : The five disciplines of the learning
organizations are

1. Personal Mastery-To clarifying our personal vision.

2. Mental model-clear communication, open inquiry.

3. Building shared vision-people to bind together around a common

identity.

4. Team learning-unless team can learn organization cannot learn.

5. System thinking-It is essential to achieving the vision of an

organization.

Feedback in the learning organization –Normal feedback called positive feedback.

Balancing feedback(stability feedback).