3D PRINTING

A Technology towards revolution

BY: Saumya Ranjan Behura

Topics

• What is 3D printing?
• Additive Process
• General Principles
• 3D Printing Technology
• Work Flow
• Why 3D Printing?
• Applications
• Videos
• Conclusions

2
What is 3d printing?

• The technology used for printing physical 3d objects from digital

out is called 3d printing.
• I t was first developed by Charls Haul in 1984.
• It is also called RAPID PROTOTYPES.
• In 1993, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) patented
another technology, named "3 Dimensional Printing techniques",
which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 2D Printers.
Additive Manufacturing:
The term additive manufacturing refers to
technologies that create objects through a
sequential layering process. Objects that are
manufactured additively can be used anywhere
throughout the product life cycle,
History

1984 - 86
Charles Hull invents 3D printing and coins the
term “Stereo Lithography”

1992
First 3D printer built by 3D Systems

1999
First application of 3D printing in the medical
field - creating the human bladder
 2000
Miniature human kidney created through 3D
printing

2006
The Selective Laser Sintering machine – printing
multiple materials & fields

2009
First usable prosthetic leg – this opens the door
for customized products using 3D printing

2011
3D printers start offering 14k gold as printable
material
 Projected Growth

It is predicted that the 3D printing industry is set to grow 300% in the next 7
years!
(Source: http://on3dprinting.com/2012/08/06/infographic-how-3d-printing-works-industry-growth-stocks-and-more/ )
General Principles

Modeling
Printing
Finishing
General Principles

Modeling:
Additive manufacturing takes virtual
blueprints from computer aided design (CAD)
or animation modeling software and "slices" them
into digital cross-sections for the machine to
successively use as a guideline for printing.
General Principles

Printing:
To perform a print, the machine
reads the design and lays down successive
layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to
build the model from a series of cross sections.
These layers, which correspond to the virtual
cross sections from the CAD model, are joined
together or automatically fused to create the
final shape. The primary advantage of this
technique is its ability to create almost any
shape or geometric feature.
General Principles:

Finishing :
Though the printer-produced resolution
is sufficient for many applications, printing a
slightly oversized version of the desired object in
standard resolution, and then removing material
with a higher-resolution subtractive process can
achieve a higher-resolution
3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGY:

Stereolithography

Selective laser sintering (SLS)

Multi-jet modeling (MJM)

Inkjet 3D printing
Stereolithography

• Stereolithography is a process for creating three-

dimensional objects using a computer-controlled laser to
build the required structure, layer by layer. It does this by
using a resin known as liquid photopolymer that hardens
when in contact with the air.
Selective laser sintering (SLS)

• This builds objects by using a laser to selectively fuse

together successive layers of a cocktail of powdered wax,
ceramic, metal, nylon or one of a range of other materials.
Multi-jet modeling (MJM)

• This again builds up objects from successive layers of

powder, with an inkjet-like print head used to spray on a
binder solution that glues only the required granules
together. The V-Flash printer, manufactured by Canon, is
low-cost 3D printer. It’s known to build layers with a light-
curable film. Unlike other printers, the VFlash builds its parts
from the top down.
Inkjet 3D printing
• It creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder
(plaster, or resins) and inkjet printing binder in the cross-section of the
part. It is the most widely used 3-D Printing technology these days and
the reasons beyond that are stated below.
• This technology is the only one that
• Allows for the printing of full color prototypes.
• Unlike stereo lithography, inkjet 3D printing is optimized for speed, low
cost, and ease-of-use.
• No toxic chemicals like those used in stereo lithography are required.
• Minimal post printing finish work is needed; one needs only to use the
printer itself to blow off surrounding powder after the printing process.
• Allows overhangs and excess powder can be easily removed with an
air blower.
Inkjet 3D printing
WORK FLOW :
WHY 3D PRINTING?

Increase Innovation
Improve Communication
Speed Time to Market

Reduce Development Costs

Win Business
 Medical

Fashion &
Food
Retail

3D
Printing
Defense & Games &
Space Entertainment

Pop-Culture Do It Yourself
 Medical

Fashionable Plaster

This 3D-printed cast to help repair

broken bones may be the future of
medical orthopedic casts. 3D-printed
casts also bring out the positive
potential of this emerging technology.
 Medical

Artificial Arms for Disabled

Richard Van As, a South African

carpenter, assembles a Robohand and
fits it to Liam Dippenaar. Liam was
born without fingers on his right hand.
Makerbot provided them with the 3D
printing technology that they used to
print the parts for the Robohand.
 Medical

Bionic Ears

Scientists, including an Indian-origin

researcher, have created a 3D-printed
bionic ear that can "hear" radio
frequencies far beyond the range of
normal human capability. Using off-
the-shelf printing tools, the scientists
at Princeton University explored 3D
printing of cells and nano particles,
creating the bionic ear.
 Medical

Secrets of the Heart

Laura Olivieri, a pediatric cardiologist

at the Children's National Medical
Center in Washington DC (which spent
$250,000 on the 3D printer) says that
these replica hearts are ideal for dry
runs of complex operations, allowing
the surgeon to see beforehand the
exact anatomical landscape they will
have to navigate.
 Medical

Grow Your Own Organs

Surgeon Dr. Anthony Atala

demonstrated during TED an early-
stage experiment that could someday
solve the organ-donor problem: a 3D
printer that uses living cells to print out
a transplantable kidney.
 Games &
Entertain
ment
Just Toying

Crayon Creatures is a service to turn

children’s drawings into figurines—
nice-looking designer objects to
decorate the home and office with a
colorful touch of wild creativity.
 Games &
Entertain
ment
Animated Characters

Sony pictures was the first to embrace

the concept of 3D printing to create
characters for the movie Pirates – A
Band of Misfits.
 Pop-
Culture
3D Printing on TV

Popular sitcom The Big Bang Theory

shows how a 3D printer can be used
for a hobby; in this case creating their
own miniature figures.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oi_
sJpd7d4c
 Pop-
Culture
Skyfall’s Aston Martin

Skyfall filmmakers 3D-printed this rare

Aston Martin so they wouldn't have to
damage the original for the film
sequence. The effects crew model
makers called on a company called
Voxeljet, which used a massive 3D
printer with a capacity of 283 cubic
feet to reproduce three 1:3 scale
models of the Aston Martin.
 Do It
Yourself
Print @ Home

Microsoft will provide support for 3D

printers in the next update of its
Windows 8 operating system. The firm
has struck deals with a number of
major 3D printer makers including
Makerbot, 3D Systems, Formlabs,
Dassault and Stratasys. Under the
deal they will develop automatically-
loading driver software that will ease
3D printer set-up at home.
 Do It
Yourself
Personalized Robots
The use of 3D printing technology has
greatly expanded the possibilities for
wing design, allowing wing shapes to
replicate those of real insects or
virtually any other shape. It has also
reduced the time of a wing design
cycle to a matter of minutes. An insect
made up of 3D printed parts with a
mass of 3.89g has been constructed
using the 3D printing technique and
has demonstrated an 85-second
passively stable untethered flight. In
the future, we can see more robots
that will crawl, fly and roll out of
printers in homes and labs around the
world.
 Do It
Yourself
Pottery

Unfold, a design firm based in

Belgium, collaborated with Tim
Knapen to create a machine that
enables users to sculpt virtually. “The
Electronic Artisan” is made of a 3D
laser scanner and a RepRap, which is
a printer that can create objects in
three dimensions. Virtual artisanship is
made possible by the use of software
that tracks hand movement and
printing methods that mimic age-old
techniques.
 Do It
Yourself
Components on Demand

To prepare for a future where parts

can be built on-demand in space,
Made in Space, the space
manufacturing company, has
partnered with NASA’s Marshall Space
Flight Center to launch the first 3D
printer to space. Made in Space’s
customized 3D printer will be the first
device to manufacture parts away
from planet Earth. The 3D printing in
Zero-G Experiment will validate the
capability of additive manufacturing
(AM) in zero-gravity.
 Do It
Yourself
A Car That Builds Itself

Designers and makers have been

busy imagining uses for 3D printers,
ranging from casts to houses to duck
feet. Vehicle designer Nir Siegel
doesn't just want to 3D-print cars, he
wants them to assemble themselves.
The Genesis car concept is just an
idea right now, but it's an intriguing
concept. As 3D printers advance, we
inch closer to a sci-fi future where you
could call up Audi or Toyota, order a
car and have it delivered, ready to
create itself to match your desires.
 Do It
Yourself
Print Your Home

WikiHouse is an open source

construction set being developed
collaboratively by a small, but growing,
community of people all around the
world. There is no fixed design “team”
or “studio,” but a steadily growing
community of designers from all
disciplines. They all share a common
belief that developing freely available
design solutions which are affordable,
sustainable and adaptive to differing
needs is a worthwhile aim.
 Defense
& Space
Eyes on You

New technologies using Unmanned

Aircraft Vehicles (UAV) could create a
new, cost-effective and reliable
monitoring service. Researchers at
University of Southampton, UK have
created a new 3D printed drone, called
2Seas, that could soon be used by
maritime security organizations. The
heart of 2Seas – the central wing box,
fuel tank and engine mountings – was
3D-printed, the wings and tail are
made from carbon fiber.
 Defense
& Space
Drone It Yourself

Home-built drones are very popular

among hobbyists with backgrounds in
electronics and robotics. Jasper van
Loenen, an independent designer
working in the field of interaction
design and art, wanted to make the
design simpler so anyone could make
their own robots. Van Loenen created
a custom DIY (Drone It Yourself) v1.0
kit that turns any object into an
unmanned aerial vehicle, simply by
attaching four motors and a control
unit – no technical know-how needed.
http://vimeo.com/jasperl/diy
 Defense
& Space

“Liberator”
Defense Distributed successfully test
fired the world's first 3D-printed
handgun named Liberator.

All 16 parts of the gun are made from

a tough, heat-resistant plastic used in
products such as musical instruments,
kitchen appliances and vehicle
bumper bars. Fifteen of those are
made with a 3D printer while one is a
non-functional metal part which can be
picked up by metal detectors, making
it legal under U.S. law. The firing pin is
also not made of plastic, though it is
easily crafted from a metal nail.
 Defense
& Space
3D-printed Lunar Base
Building a base on the moon could
theoretically be made much simpler by
using a 3D printer to construct it from
local materials. The concept was
recently endorsed by the European
Space Agency (ESA) which is now
collaborating with architects to gauge
the feasibility of 3D printing using lunar
soil.

“3D printing offers a potential means

of facilitating lunar settlement with
reduced logistics from Earth,” said
Scott Hovland of ESA’s human
spaceflight team.
 Fashion
& Retail
Show The World!

Malaysian fashion designer Melinda

Looi collaborated with Belgian 3D
printing studio Materialise to create
Asia’s first entirely 3D printed runway
collection. Looi’s design team worked
with 3D modelers and engineers to
create each look, which took months
to design before being printed.
 Fashion
& Retail
Design Your Own Clothes

Designed by Joshua Harris, an

industrial engineer, for an Electrolux
design competition in 2010, the
concept printer would not only print out
clothing, but would recycle used
clothing as well. The idea is that the
fashion designers of the future will
sell cartridges for the printer
containing colors and materials to use
with their digital designs!

Joshua envisions this printer in homes

by 2050!!
 Fashion
& Retail
Print Your Footwear
Fashion designer Iris van Herpen and
shoe designer Rem D Koolhaas have
collaborated to create 3D-printed
shoes that look like tree roots. The
shoes were presented at Paris
Fashion Week during Iris van Herpen's
couture show.

Van Herpen is one of the first fashion

designers to experiment with 3D
printing. In an interview with a
magazine, she says, “Everybody could
have their own body scanned and just
order clothes that fit perfectly.”
 Food

That’s Sweet!

Los Angeles architects Kyle and Liz

von Hasseln have set up a business
that produces 3D-printed sugar
sculptures for wedding cakes, table
centerpieces and pie toppings.

This way 3D printing transforms sugar

into a structural and sculptural
medium. In future, it can define the
form of the food instead of the food
defining the structure.
 Food

Space Food

NASA can send robots to Mars with no

worries about the food. However, if it's
ever going to put humans on the red
planet, then it has to figure out how to
feed them over the course of year-long
missions. So the space agency has
funded research for a 3D printer that
creates entrees or desserts at the
touch of a button. In this way, NASA
seeks inspiration from the concept of
the Food Replicator from the movie
Star Trek.
 Food

Fab “Food” at Home

The 3D food printer is part of the
fab@home series by Cornell
university's computational synthesis
lab. Headed by Dr. Jeffrey Ian Lipton,
the team's fab@home technology,
designed as a collection of open-
source rapid prototyping systems,
allows three-dimensional objects to be
“printed” by a syringe, whose
movements are determined from
computer blueprints and models.
Layering lines of material ultimately
generate a three-dimensional object in
a process they call “solid freeform
fabrication.”

fab@home machines have already

been used to print chocolates,
cookies, and even domes of turkey
meat.
FUTURE SCENARIOS
 Amanda is a 25-year-old enthusiastic architect
who works as a freelance consultant. She never
Amanda’s Wandering wanted to stay in one place and called herself “the
Home wanderer”!

So, when she decided to build her own home, she

thought she wanted something very unique and a
home that was a wanderer in itself.

After a detailed research she built herself a 3D

printer that she could finally call her home! A 3D
printer, a home?!

The 3D printer was the central component of her

caravan styled home. The “caravan” had been 3D
printed by the printer around itself. The built-in
shredder could shred the components of the home
that she wanted to modify or remove.

Whenever she wanted to be on the move again,

the 3D printer would print out the engine to move
the caravan. In stationary state, the 3D printer
would print out energy generation systems like
solar panels and wind turbines.

She woke up with the buzz of the printer that

printed out her clothes for the day and she slept off
with the hum of the printer shredding off the waste
generated during the day, hence getting raw
 Remya is a 1-day-old daughter of the
Remya – 1st 3D Printed next-gen 3D printer system called
Human “Behold.”

Behold got released in the year 2050 and

became an instant hit with people who
wanted an extended life by printing out
worn out organs and tissues.

One day, a childless couple decided to

“print” much more than just organs. They
got source codes and designs of all the
organs and tissues required in a human
body from an open source Creative
Commons platform. They assembled the
parts together on a Design Software and
named the file “Remya.” Next, they just hit
the “print” button!

The whole process took 9 days. At last

they had a fully grown child that they
called Remya. That’s when the real
problems started- the printer started
showing them the status message,
CONCLUSION:

Nothing communicates ideas faster than a three-

dimensional part or model. With a 3D printer you
can bring CAD files and design ideas to life – right
from your desktop. Test form, fit and function – and
as many design variations as you like – with
functional parts.