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Ulysses Rosas
May 8th, 2012
Outline
• Define Chronic Kidney Disease.
• Briefly discuss it’s pathophysiology, epidemiology, and risk
factors.
• Discuss the role of genetics in Chronic Kidney Disease.
• Look at relationship between the UMOD gene and MMP20
gene with chronic kidney disease.
• Assess how these genes affect the risk and diagnosis of
Chronic Kidney Disease.
• What knowledge would a physician and patient want to know
to understand how their genotype affects their risk for
developing chronic kidney disease.
Que es Eso?
Chronic Kidney Disease is defined as a slow lose
of renal function over time. This leads to a
decreased ability to remove waste products
from the body and perform homeostatic
functions.
Clinical Definition
• GFR of less than 60 ml/minute per 1.73m2 per body
surface area (normal is 125ml/min) .
– GFR Calculator:
http://www.kidney.org/professionals/kdoqi/gfr_calculator.
cfm
• Presence of kidney damage, regardless of the cause,
for three or more months
Epidemiology
• CKD affects about 26 million people in the US
• Approximately 19 million adults are in the
early stages of the disease
– On the rise do to increasing prevalence of
diabetes and hypertension
• Total cost of ESRD in US was approximately
$40 billion in 2008
Pathophysiology
• Repeated injury to kidney
Symptoms
• Hematuria
• Flank pain
• Edema
• Hypertension
• Signs of uremia
• Lethargy and fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• If asymptomatic may have elevated serum
creatinine concentration or an abnormal
urinalysis
Risk Factors
• Age of more than 60 years
• Hypertension and Diabetes
– Responsible for 2/3 of cases
• Cardiovascular disease
• Family history of the disease.
• Race and ethnicity
• Highest incidence is for African Americans
• Hispanics have higher incidence rates of ESRD than
non-Hispanics.
Convergence of Genetic Factors
• Genes for heart and vascular disease
• Genes that maintain ionic balance
• Genes for glomerulonephritis
• Genes for diabetes
• Genes that may be involved in inherited renal diseases
Genetics of CKD
• Markers of kidney function found to be 27-33%
heritable.
• Serum creatinine, GFR, albumin, proteinuria, BUN
• Many genes associated with chronic kidney
disease:
• APOL1 in African Americans
• UMOD
• SHROOM3
• GATM-SPATA5L1
• MMP20
• MPPED2, DDX1, CDK12, CASP9, and INO80
• LASS2, GCKR, ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA,
PRKAG2, PIP5K1B, ATXN2, DACH1, UBE2Q2, and SLC7A9N
Genes Looked At
• UMOD gene
– Encodes urodoulin protein.
– Function unknown but thought to be involved
immunologically.
– UMOD is transcribed exclusively in renal tubular cells of
the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle.
• MMP20
– Encodes a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family,
which are involved in the breakdown of extracellular
matrix in normal physiological processes.
– MMP20 degrades amelogenin, found mostly in tooth
enamel.
– MMP20 recently implicated to be associated with kidney
disease aging.
UMOD Gene