A

presentation
on

Land Mine Detector Robot With Defence

 Contents
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Detector
 Working
 Land mine Detection and Marking robot
 History
 Block Diagram of Transmitter
 Block Diagram of Receiver
 Component Used
 Conclusion
 References
 INTRODUCTION

 PURPOSE
The landmine crisis is globally alarming since
there are presently 500 millions unexploded,
buried mines in about 70 countries.
The purpose of this project is to design a robot
which is capable of detecting buried land
mines and marking their locations, while
enabling the operator to control the robot
wirelessly from a distance.
 Objectives

1. A land mine detection robot is needed to be designed to

employ in peace support operations and in the clearance of
contaminated areas.

2. The robot shall be able to detect 90% of landmines (Anti-

personnel mines and Anti-tank mines) and mark the locations
of the mines within a tolerance of 5cm.

3. For the safety of the operator, the designed robot must be

able to operate remotely, moreover, must be equipped with
wireless data transmitting capabilities.
 METHODS FOR DETECTION
• Probing the ground -For many years, the most
sophisticated technology used for locating
landmines was probing the ground with a stick
or bayonet. Soldiers are trained to poke the
ground lightly with a bayonet and search for
buried mines.
Metal Detectors - The detectors try to
discover a buried mine by sensing the metal
components inside the mines.
 Ground Penetrating Radar - This equipment
detects the inconsistencies in the soil and tries
to identify the differences in the densities of
the soil and a buried mine.
The use of trained dogs and rats -They are
trained to sniff out vapors coming from the
explosive ingredients inside the landmine.
 DETECTOR
• landmines, both anti-personnel and anti-tank
mines, are made in metal casings. Therefore,
the detection of landmine by using metal
detectors is a simple and workable method.
• The metal detectors give out false signals
upon sensing every presence of metal pieces
instead of only when detecting the real mine.
In statistical language, it can be said that 100
to 10,000 false signals are sent out before
detecting a real landmine.
 WORKING
• Each element or each material has
their own thermal properties,
such as thermal conductivity, rate
of heat absorption and thermal
radiation. A buried landmine
comprises of different materials
from the surrounding soil and they
will react to the surrounding heat
in a different manner from the
soil.
• They will absorb the heat slower or faster than
the surrounding soil and they will release or
radiate the contained heat slower or faster
than the surrounding soil. Therefore, at any
point of time, the land mine will possess
slightly different temperature form the
surrounding, due to the constantly varying
heat supply from day time and night time.
• A processing unit, installed on the robot, will
be transmitting data from the robot to the
operator, such as images from the cameras,
and it will receive and process the commands
from the operator to the robot. These signals
will be transmitted and received through radio
channels and the command signals received
by the robot will be redistributed to the
respective mechanisms to carry out the
required processes.
 Landmine detection and marking
robot.
• The aim of the processing unit is to synchronize
the movements of the mechanisms to perform
the desired job. This mine detection robot is
intended to detect the buried mines, make a
mark on their locations and then continue
looking for another mine without disturbing
the marked mine.
Firstly, the scanner which is located at the front
of the robot processes a metal detector that
will scan and clear the path of 1.2m width.
• The scanner will stop scanning if there is no
detection of a mine, and the robot will advance
one step forward by activating the forward
motor for 5 seconds. After which, the scanner
will restart its scanning sequence. The robot
would move forward again with no detection of
mine. This scanning loop will continue until the
scanner detects a mine.
Once the scanner detects a mine, the robot
comes to a standstill and sends out signals back
to the operator by both illuminating the Light
Emitting Diode (LED) as well as beeping.
• The operator will then have to decide if it is a
false alarm or a real detection of a mine. If the
operator takes the warning as a false alarm,
he will ignore it and restart the scanning loop.
If warning is taken as a real detection of the
mine, the operator has to send a command to
the robot to mark the location by spraying
distinctive colour paint on that spot.
 History
• First descriptions of a pressure activated landmine was
provided by a German military historian H. Frieherr von
Fleming in 1726.
• The first devices designed to explode on ‘targetcontact’ were
floating mines first employed by the US Confederate Navy in
1861.
• Reference was made to these mines during the Battle of
Williamsburg in 1862.
• The British Army was interested to use landmines during
their African campaigns in the 1880’s. During these wars,
tripwire and pressure-operated mines were generally
manufactured in the field.
• The Americans were actually the first nation to develop and
use operational landmines. On May 4th 1862 while scouting
a road, a horse rider activated one of these mines becoming
the first person killed by a pressure-operated landmine
 Components Used
 Microcontroller
 Diode
 Encoder
 Decoder
 Antena
 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
 Power Supply
 8051 Series MC
 Metal Detector
Motor
 APPLICATION
• In Defense
• In Industries
• During wars
• For Public Safety In Gatherings
 Conclusion
 “LAND MINE DETECTOR ROBOT” is used to provide safty
and authentication
 This project has fulfilled most of its objectives and has even gone
beyond in some aspects. The requirement whereby it states that the
robot must detect 90% of the mines is beyond the limitations that
are set by the circumstances of this project.
 Interfacing between all sections required for system and
microcontroller has been done successfully.
 References
[1] Making Land mine Detection And Removal
Practical
http://www. llnl.gov/str/Azevedo.html
[2]Use of unmanned aerival vechicles
http://www.mondialogo.org/129.html
[8]How stuff work
www.howstuffwork.com