POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

REHAN AHMAD
1612220057
EE-53
 OUTLINE
 DEFINITION

 CAUSES OF LOW POWERFACTOR

 DISADVANTAGES OF LOW POWERFACTOR

 POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

 ADVANTAGES OF POWER FACTORCORRECTION

 CONCLUSION
 DE F I N I T I O N

 Power factor (P.F.)isthe ratio between actual power to the apparentpower.

 Power factor =Actual power /Apparent power.

 P.F =Kilowatt / Kilo volt ampere.

 Active Power
Also known as “real power” or simply“power.” Active power is the rate of
producing, transferring, or using electrical energy.Itis measured in watts and often
expressed in kilowatts (KW) ormegawatts (MW).The terms “active” or “real” power
are used in place of the term “power” alone to differentiate it from “reactive power.

Apparent Power
 The product of the voltage (involts) and the current (inamperes). Itcomprises both
active and reactive power .

 Itis measured in “volt-amperes” andoften expressed in

“ kilovolt-amperes” (KVA) or“megavolt-amperes” (MVA).

 CAUSES OF LOW POWER FACTOR

A poor power factor can be the result of either a significant

phase difference between the voltage and current at the load
terminals or it can be due to a high harmonic content or
distorted/discontinuous current waveform. Poor load current
phase angle is generally the result of Poor load current phase
angle isgenerally the result of an inductive load such as an
induction motor power transformer, lighting ballasts, welder or
induction furnace, Induction generators Wind mill generators
and high intensity discharge lightings.
 POWER FACTOR CORRECTIONMETHODS

• Static Var Compensator(SVC)

• Fixed Capcitors

• Switch Capacitors

• Synchronous Condensors

• Static SynchronousCompensator(STATCOM)

• Modulated power filter capacitor compensator

ADVANTAGES OF POWERFACTOR CORRECTION

• Eliminate Power Factor Penalties

• Increase System Capacity
• Reduce Line Losses in distribution systems
• Conserve Energy
• Improve voltage stability
• Less total plant KVA for the same KW working power.
• Improved voltage regulation due to reduced line voltage drop.
• Reduction in size of transformers, cables and switchgear in new
installations.
 POWER COST REDUCTION

Utility companies in many areas include a penalty

charge in the electrical rate for low power factor. The
installation of power factor capacitors on the user's
electrical distribution system eliminates the necessity of
paying premium rates to the utility company for poor
power factor.
 DISADVANTAGES OF LOW POWER FACTOR
• Increases heating losses in the transformers and distribution
equipments.
• Reduce plantlife.
• Unstabilise voltage levels.
• Increase power losses.
• Upgrade costlyequipments.
• Decrease energy efficiency.
• Increase electricity costs by paying power factor surcharges.
 CONCLUSION

 By observing all aspects of the power factor it is clear that power

factor isthe most significant part for the utility Company as well as for the
consumer.

 Utility company rid of from the power losses while the consumer free
from low power factor penalty charges.
 By installing suitably sized power capacitors into the circuit the
Power Factor is improved and the value becomes nearer to 1 thus
minimising line losses and improving the efficiency of a plant.