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MEDICINE ON A
GRAND SCALE
SARAH SIMMONS MD
N E W C A S T L E U N I V E R S I T Y M A L AY S I A
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Demonstrate the application of key principles of population health and prevention in managing
clinical conditions and reducing health inequalities.
• Describe and recognize the role of the doctor and relevant organizations in public health at
the national and local level.
• Demonstrate the ability to provide evidence to guide public health policy and clinical practice
to protect, restore, and promote the health of a population.
PUBLIC HEALTH IS…
• The science and art of promoting and protecting health and well-being, preventing ill-
health and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society.
• The major functions include:
– The assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify
health problems and priorities Define the problem
– The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and
priorities Try to fix the problem
– Assuring that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, including health
promotion and disease prevention services Make sure it’s fair
DID I LOSE YOU ALREADY?
What do you think of when you
think about public health?
A DIFFERENT WAY TO LOOK AT THE
SAME THING
MEDICINE PUBLIC HEALTH
• Treating a gunshot wound • Identify the causes of gun violence and develop
interventions
• Treating premature or low birth-weight babies • Investigate the factors that cause premature labor
and develop programs to keep babies healthy
Immunizations, brief
intervention, cessation
Long-lasting treatment, colonoscopy
Protective Interventions
Fluoridation, 0g trans
Changing the Context fat, iodization, smoke-
to Make Individuals’ Default free laws, tobacco tax
Decisions Healthy
Largest
Impact Poverty, education,
housing, inequality
Socioeconomic Factors
Frieden TR. A framework for public health action. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(4):590–595.
• Public health is built on expertise and skills from many areas, including biology, environmental
science, sociology, psychology, government, medicine, statistics & communication
• Public health is about interventions that prevent disease from occurring
• The benefits tend to be less obvious when compared to life-saving medical procedures
designed to treat the problem
• Prevention of disease both prolongs life and improves the quality of life
SCIENCE MEETS ART
SCIENCE A RT
• making a diagnosis of a population’s health • create, advocate for, and use opportunities
problems to implement effective solutions to
• establishing the causes and effects of those population health and health care
problems problems.
Schools
Elected
Doctors Hospitals Officials Nursing Mass Transit
Philanthropist Homes
Environmental
Civic Groups Health
CHCs Fire
Tribal Health
Economic
Laboratory Drug Mental Employers
Development
Facilities Treatment Health
PUBLIC HEALTH IN MALAYSIA
PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE WORLD
WATCH THIS!
• Hans Rosling's 200 Countries, 200 Years, 4 Minutes - The Joy of Stats
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbkSRLYSojo
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC HEALTH
• http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/
THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC HEALTH