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TERMS
Bit - represents the smallest unit of data a
computer can handle
Byte – group of bits, represent a single character (
number, letter, symbol etc)
Field – grouping of characters into a word, group
of words, numbers etc..
Record – group of related fields, such as student’s
name,course taken, date etc..
File – group of records of the same type
Database – group of related files
TERMS (CONTD.)
Entity – a person, place, thing or event on which
we store and maintain information
Physical view
Shows how data are actually organized and structured
on physical storage media
Employees :Name
Address Personal
ID Application
programs Personnel
Designation
Dept
Marital status
Payroll Payroll
Hours worked Application
Payroll
Pay rate DBMS programs
Dept
Gross pay
Tax
Net pay
Benefits
Benefits Application Benefits
Life insurance programs Dept
Pension plan
Health care
Retirement
COMPONENTS
DDL
Formal language programmers use to specify the
structure or the content of the database
DML
To manipulate data. Contains commands that
permit end users and programming specialists to
extract data from database to satisfy information
requests and develop applications
Data dictionary
A file that stores definitions of data elements &
data characteristics such as usage, physical
representation, security etc.
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL)
Invoice-line
2 methods
Partitioned database
Replicate database
STEPS IN DESIGNING A DATABASE
Determine the purpose of the database
Determine the tables needed by the organisation
in the database
Determine the fields needed in the tables
Historical
data
Operational Extract
data Data
& Warehouse
Transform
External
data •Queries
•Reports
External
•OLAP
data
•Data mining
Internal OLAP
SCM
Data queries
Data
Marts CRM
Data
External warehouse
Data
Strategy
Data
Metadata Marts Data
Personal Mining
Others
Data
DATA MART
A subset of data warehouse in which a summarized
or highly focused portion of the organization’s
data is placed in a separate database for a
specific population of users.
DATA MINING
Discovering hidden value in your data
warehouse
Data mining, the extraction of hidden
predictive information from large
databases, is a powerful new technology
with great potential to help companies
focus on the most important information
in their data warehouses.
Data mining tools predict future trends
and behaviors, allowing businesses to
make proactive, knowledge-driven
decisions.