The properties of

ACIDS
& BASE
 Acid vs Base
• Taste sour • Taste bitter
• Turn litmus • Turn litmus
• React with active • Feel soapy or
metals – Fe, Zn slippery (react with
fats to make soap)
• React with acids

• React with bases

 Common Acids

• HCl- hydrochloric- stomach acid

• H2SO4- sulfuric acid - car batteries
• HNO3 – nitric acid - explosives
• CH3COOH- acetic acid - vinegar
• H2CO3-carbonic acid – sodas
• H3PO4- phosphoric acid
-flavorings
 Uses of Acids

• Vinegar, which is used in salad

dressing, contains acetic acid.
• Lemons, limes, and oranges have a
sour taste because they contain citric
acid. Your body needs ascorbic acid,
which is vitamin C.
• Ants that sting inject formic acid into
their victims.
 Uses of Acids

• Vinegar, which is used in salad

dressing, contains acetic acid.
• Lemons, limes, and oranges have a
sour taste because they contain citric
acid. Your body needs ascorbic acid,
which is vitamin C.
• Ants that sting inject formic acid into
their victims.
 Uses of Acids

• Sulfuric acid is used in the production of

fertilizers, steel, paints, and plastics.
• Acids often are used in batteries because
their solutions conduct electricity. For this
reason, it sometimes is referred to as
battery acid.
• Hydrochloric acid, which is known
commercially as muriatic acid, is used in a
process called pickling.
 Uses of Acids

• Pickling is a process that removes

impurities from the surfaces of
metals.
• Hydrochloric acid also can be used to
clean mortar from brick walls.
• Nitric acid is used in the production
of fertilizers, dyes, and plastics.
 Common Base

• NaOH- sodium hydroxide (LYE) - soaps, drain

cleaner
• Mg (OH)2 - magnesium hydroxide -antacids
• Al(OH)3-aluminum hydroxide-antacids,
deodorants
• NH4OH-ammonium hydroxide- “ammonia”
 Uses of Bases

• Bases give soaps, ammonia, and many

other cleaning products some of their
useful properties. Bases can interact
strongly with certain substances, such
as dirt and grease.
• Chalk and oven cleaner are examples
of familiar products that contain bases.
• Your blood is a basic solution.
 Uses of Bases

• Calcium hydroxide, often called lime, is

used to mark the lines on athletic fields.
• It also can be used to treat lawns and
gardens that have acidic soil.
• Sodium hydroxide, known as lye, is a
strong base that can cause burns.
• Lye is used to make soap, clean ovens,
and unclog drains.
QUIZ
1.Give the other name of
Vitamin C.
2.Name the acid found in our
stomach.
3.Give an example of an antacid
4.Name this compound: H2SO4
5.Name this compound: HNO3
QUIZ
6. Identify the base used in soaps
and detergents
7. Name the acid found in vinegar
8. Acid or Base: slippery to touch
9. Acid or Base: blood
10. Acid or Base: Turns blue
litmus paper to blue
 Making an Indicator

Step One Step Two Step Three

Red Cabbage Cook the Cabbage Filter the Juice

Colors of cabbage juice at various pH values
Acids produce
H+ ions

Base produces
OH- ions
Forests & Lakes Acid Rain
Leaves and trees
become damaged

Trees will more likely

have a disease or
insect problem

Certain types of fish

may die
Plants & Crops:Acid Rain
Plant roots can’t
grow properly

Soils lose nutrients

that are healthy for
plants
Man-made Acid Rain
Materials:
Metal structures and
cars become
corroded

Limestone buildings,
tombstones, statues
and monuments wear
down more quickly
Human Health: Acid Rain
People can have
respiratory problems
when they inhale
small droplets (fog)
Lead and copper
from rusty pipes can
dissolve into drinking
water