Topic

Research Methodology
An Introduction

Submitted to:- Submitted by :-

Monika jain Neha
Roll no. 49180310
What is Research?

Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of

data; documentation of critical information; in accordance with
suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and
academic disciplines.

OR

Collection of data or information for a particular topic and this

is also known as scientic investigation

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: AN INRODUCTION

 Objective of research

1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights

into it (studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or
formulative research studies);

2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual,

situation or a group(studies with this object in view are known as
descriptive research studies);

3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with

which it is associated with something else (studies with this object in
view are known as diagnostic research studies);

4. To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

(such studies are known as hypothesis-testing research studies).

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Types of research research

Types of research can be classified in many different ways. some major

ways of classifying research include the following.

1. Descriptive versus Analytical Research

2. Applied versus Fundamental Research

3. Qualitative versus Quantitative Research

4. Conceptual versus Empirical Research

1. Descriptive versus Analytical Research :-

Descriptive and analytical research. ... Used to obtain information

concerning the current status of a phenomena. Purpose of these methods is to
describe “what exists” with respect to situational variables

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2. Applied versus Fundamental Research :-

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3. Qualitative versus Quantitative Research :-

4. Conceptual versus Empirical Research :-

The research related to some abstract idea or theory is known as

conceptual research .Generally philosopher or thinker use it for
developing new concept and for interpreating the existing onces

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 Research approaches

There are two basic approaches to research :-

1. Quantitative approach

2. Qualitative approach

The former involves the generation of data in quantitative form

which can be subjected to rigorous quantitative analysis in a
formal and rigid fashion. This approach can be further sub-
classified into inferential, experimental and simulation approaches
to research. The purpose of inferential approach to research is to
form a data base from which to infer characteristics or relationships
of population.

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Significance of Research

The role of research in several fields of applied economics,

whether related to business or to the economy as a whole, has
greatly increased in modern times.

Research provides the basis for nearly all government

policies in our economic system.

Research has its special significance in solving various

operational and planning problems of business and industry.

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RESEARCH METHODS VERSUS METHODOLOGY

Exploratory research :- Which helps identify and define a problem or question .

Constuctive research :- Tests theories and proposes solution to a

problem or question .
Empirical research :- Tests the feasibility of a solution using
empirical evidence .

METHODOLOGY

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 Scientific Method

It relies on empirical evidence.

It utilizes relevant concepts.

It is committed to only objective considerations.

It results into probabilistic predictions.

Its methodology is made known to all concerned for critical scrutiny are
for use in testing the conclusions through replication.

It aims at formulating most general axioms or what can be termed as

scientific theories.

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Research process

7steps of research process :-

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Criteria of good research

The features of good research design is often characterised by

adjectives like flexible, appropriate, efficient, economical and so on.
Generally, the design which minimises bias and maximises the reliability
of the data collected and analysed is considered a good design.

Usually involves the consideration of the following :-

 Good research is systematic:

 Good research is logical

 Good research is empirical

 Good research is replicable

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Thank you