Design of Interior Composite

beam for a floor

 Design of an interior composite simply
supported beam for floor
• Use Fy=36ksi, f’c= 3ksi, Slab thickness is 4 inch

a. Computation of factored load:

Load carried on steel beam:
4
Concrete slab= 0 ⋅ 15 8 = 0.4𝑘𝑖𝑝/𝑓𝑡
12
0.15 is density of concrete
Beam weight (estimated) = 0.04𝑘𝑖𝑝/𝑓𝑡
Load carried by composite action:
Live load = 0.15*8= 1.2𝑘𝑖𝑝/𝑓𝑡 x1.6= 1.92𝑘𝑖𝑝/𝑓𝑡
b. Service load and factored load moment
1
𝑀𝐷 = 0.44 (282 )= 43𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡 (service load)
8
1
𝑀𝐿 = 1.20 (282 )= 118 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡 (service load)
8
1
𝑀𝑢 = ∅𝑀𝑛 = 0.53 + 1.92 (282 )= 240 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡
8
(factored)
c. Section selection
Assuming plastic neutral axis lie within the slab
𝑀𝑢 A ≈1
Required area of steel section 𝐴𝑠 = 𝑑 𝑎
∅𝑏 =0.85 for a composite beam
𝑎 1
∅𝑏 𝐹𝑦 ( +𝑡𝑠 − ) 𝑌2 = 𝑡𝑠 − 2= 4-2=3.5 in
2 2
𝑑 14 240(12)
For W14, = =7 𝐴𝑠 = = 9.0 𝑠𝑞 𝑖𝑛
2 2 0.85(36)(7+3.5)
𝑑 16 240(12)
For W16, = =8 𝐴𝑠 = = 8.2 𝑠𝑞 𝑖𝑛
2 2 0.85(36)(8+3.5)
• Using LRFD manual (Composite beam selection table) fro Y2= 3.5in
and ∅𝑀𝑛 = 240 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡,
W16x31 ∅𝑀𝑛 = 266 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠 = 9.12 sq in.
W14x34 ∅𝑀𝑛 = 267 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠 = 10.0 sq in.
Values are selected are for the PNA within slab (i.e., Y1= distance from
PNA to top of steel beam = 0in)
d. Compute the PNA and check strength
Try W16x31: properties are
𝐴𝑠 = 9.12 sq in. 𝐼𝑥 = 375 𝑖𝑛2 𝑏𝑓 = 5.525 in d= 15.88 in
1
Effective width of slab: 𝑏𝐸 = of span= 0.25(28)12= 84in or
4
𝑏𝐸 = 𝑏𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔= 8(12)=90in.
Compressive force in the concrete, assuming a> 𝑡𝑠 , and tension force in
the steel section are
C= 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝐸 𝑎= 0.83(3)84a= 214a
T=𝐴𝑠 𝐹𝑦 =9.12(36) =328 kips
C=T
a= 1.53in <𝑡𝑠 OK
𝑑 𝑎
Nominal moment strength 𝑀𝑛 = T + 𝑡𝑠 −
2 2
15.88 1 1
= 328 +4− = 306 kips ft
2 2 12
∅𝑀𝑛 =0.85(306) = 260>𝑀𝑢 = 239𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑡 OK
e. Check strength of the steel section to support construction load
(LRFD- I3.4) and is calculated when shores are not used
Slab= 0.4(1.4)= 0.56𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠/𝑓𝑡
Construction= 0.02(8)1.6= 0.26𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠/𝑓𝑡
Steel section= 0.031(1.2)= 0.04𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠/𝑓𝑡
𝑤𝑢 = 0.86𝑘𝑖𝑝𝑠/𝑓𝑡
1
𝑀𝑢 = 0.86 (282 )= 84𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡
8
∅𝑀𝑝 for W16x31= 146 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡> 84 𝑘𝑖𝑝 𝑓𝑡 OK
f. Design of shear connectors:
Compressive force in the slab must be carried by shear connectors,
C= 0.85𝑓𝑐′ 𝑏𝐸 𝑎= 0.83(3)84a= 214a= 214(1.53)= 328 kips
since a<𝑡𝑠 , 𝑉𝑛ℎ will be based on 328 kips.
Using ¾-in-dia x 3-in headed studs,
𝑄𝑛 = 21 kips/stud
The number N of connections required to carry 328 kips is
𝑉𝑛ℎ 328
N= = =15.6, say 16 (for region b/w max moment &
𝑄𝑛 21
supports (zero moment location))
Thus 32 is required for entire span
 𝐿 28(12)
Uniform spacing b/w studs= p= = = 21in.
𝑁 16
Max spacing= p= 8𝑡𝑠 = 8(4)= 32in, (LRFD I5.6)
Min spacing= p= 6(dia)= 6(0.75)= 4.5in, (LRFD I5.6)

Use W16x31 section of A36 steel, along with 32- ¾-in-dia x 3-in headed
studs connectors over entire span, spaced at 21 in. The connectors are
to be place in pairs starting at the support.
Etabs Analysis
•z