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Kuliah 05
Penguat dengan Feedback Negatif
1
Objectives of Control Systems Design
C ( s) G( s)
R( s ) 1 G ( s ) H ( s )
How to Meet the Objectives?
To Be Designed
R +_ ? Plant C
?
To Be Designed
From Unstable Plant to Stable System
P Compensator Plant
1
R +_ K s2
C
C ( s) K
R( s) s 2 K
From Unstable Plant to Stable System
PD Compensator Plant
1
R +_ K1 K2 s C
s2 4
C (s) K1 K 2 s
2
R( s ) s K 2 s ( K1 4)
From Unstable Plant to Stable System
Gain Magnetic Lev.
10
R +_ K s2 4
C
1 2 s
Feedback
C ( s) 10 K
2
R( s ) s 10 K 2 s (4 10 K1 )
K1 K
K 3 (s 2 s 2)
K2 K1s K 2 K 3 s 2 K3 K3
Gc ( s) K1 K3s
s s s
Second-order Systems
n2
s 2 2n s n2
Types of Response
K1 K2
C (s) K1e p1t K 2 e p2t
Laplace
s p1 s p2
1t 2 t
c(t ) K1e K 2e Overdamped
d t
c(t ) Ae cos(d t ) Underdamped
underdamped
C (s) n2
Clue: 2
R( s) s 2n s n2
Damping Factor Effect
System Specifications
• Peak time, Tp: Time to reach maximum peak.
Tp
n 1 2 d
2
%OS e
100%
1
System Specifications
• Settling time Ts: Time required for oscillations to
be bounded within 2% of steady state value
4
Ts
n
Tp
%OS=b/a × 100%
a
EL3009 Elektronika II
15
Struktur Umum Penguat Feedback
xo Axi
x f xo Open-loop Gain
xi xs x f A Loop Gain
xo A
Af Closed-loop Gain
xs 1 A
16
Menentukan Loop Gain
Return signal
Test signal
xr
A
xt
17
Contoh
vo Avi
A
v f vo
A
vi vs v f
vo A
Af
vs 1 A
R1
R1 R2
18
Empat Topologi Penguat
Jenis Mixing
mixing shunt
mixing series
Jenis Sampling
sampling
tegangan
Sampling arus
Empat Topologi Penguat
Input Output
Input Output (Mixing) (Sampling) Rin Rout
22
Series-Shunt (Penguat Tegangan)
23
Shunt-Series (Penguat Arus)
24
Series-Series (TAA)
25
Shunt-Shunt (TIA)
26
Menentukan Apakah Feedback Negatif
+1.5 V
-1.5 V
27
Tutorial
Tunjukkan bagaimana cara menghubungkan sebuah resistor dari output
ke input sehingga diperoleh sebuah penguat dengan feedback negative
dalam topologi series-shunt, series-series, shunt-shunt, dan shunt-series.
Output diambil pada drain atau source transistor M3
28
Solusi Tutorial: Series-Shunt
29
Solusi Tutorial: Shunt-Series
30
Solusi Tutorial: Shunt-Shunt
31
Solusi Tutorial: Series-Series
32
Topologi Penguat Feedback dg OpAmp
shunt
series
series
series
shunt
shunt series
shunt
33
Jenis Sampling? Jenis Mixing?
sampling
mixing
sampling
mixing
sampling
mixing
34
Topologi Penguat Feedback
Topologi Shunt-Shunt
Sampling
tegangan
sampling
tegangan
mixing
shunt
mixing
Topologi Series-Shunt series
35
Topologi Penguat Feedback
Topologi Series-Series
Sampling arus
Mixing
series Topologi Shunt-Series
Sampling arus
mixing shunt
36
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.64
37
Menentukan Apakah Feedback Negatif
+1.5 V
-1.5 V
38
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.52
39
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.49
40
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.36
41
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.58
42
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.43
43
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.28
44
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.28
45
Topologi? FB negatifkah?
10.65
46
Metodologi Analisis Penguat FB
47
Series-Shunt (Penguat Tegangan)
48
Contoh 1: Analisis Series-Shunt
+VDD
I2
Q3
RS R2
Q1 Q2 vo
vs R1 RL
I1
Rin I Rout
–VSS
xo Vo A Q3
Af
xs Vs 1 A
RS R2
Q1 Q2 Vo
Vs Vf R1 RL
R1
R1
R22
R11 Menentukan R11 Menentukan R22
Menentukan A, Ri dan Ro
Dari rangkaian-A ini bisa ditentukan penguatan open loop A,
resistansi Ri dan resistansi Ro
V ' V ' Vg 3
A o o Vg 3
Q3
V ' Vg 3 V '
s s
RS
Q1 Q2 V '
o
V ' R11 R22 RL
s
Ri Ro
Menentukan Af , Rif , Rof ,Rin , dan Rout
xo Vo A
Af
xs Vs 1 A
Ro
Rif Ri (1 A ) dan Rof
1 A
Rof RL
Rof Rout // RL Rout
RL Rof
Q3
Rif Rin RS Rin Rif RS
RS R2
Q1 Q2 Vo
Vs vf R1 RL
54
Contoh 2: Analisis Series-Series
R11 = RF R22 = RF
55
Shunt-Shunt (TIA)
56
Contoh 3: Analisis Shunt-Shunt
57
Shunt-Series (Penguat Arus)
58
Contoh 4: Analisis Shunt-Series
59
Mixing? Sampling?
+1.5 V
-1.5 V
60
Mixing? Sampling?
+1.5 V
-1.5V
61
Latihan 1: Problem 11.40 (7Ed)
62
Latihan 2: Problem 11.47 (7Ed)
63
Latihan 3: Problem 11.56 (7Ed)
64
Latihan 4: Problem 11.65 (7Ed)
65
Menentukan Loop Gain
A
xr
potong
xtest
V
Aβ r
V
test
Tetapi harus memperhati kan efek pembebanan
66
Contoh Menentukan Loop Gain
VDD VDD
Q3 Q4 Q3 Q4
Vout Vr
C1 C1
Q1 Q2 Q1 Q2 Vtest
C2 C2
Vin
ISS ISS
V
Aβ r
C1
g m1 (ro1 ro 4 )
V C1 C2
test 67
Contoh Menentukan Loop Gain
VDD VDD
RD RD
VDD
Vout Vr
VBIAS VBIAS
Q2 Q2
Isignal Vt
C1 C1
Q1 Q1
C2 C2
V
Aβ r
C1
g m1RD C1 g m1RD
V C1 C2 C1 C2
test
68
Latihan: Menentukan Loop Gain
69
Slide-slide Tambahan
70
Contoh : Analisis Series-Series
+VCC
Rangkaian bias tidak
Ic
diperlihatkan.
RC1 RC2 RC3
IC1, IC2, dan IC3 diketahui:
Vo IC1 = 0,60 mA,
Q3 IC2 = 1,00 mA
Rout
Q2 Io
IC3 = 4,00 mA
Y
Q1
Nilai resistor adalah sbb:
Y’ RC1 = 9 kΩ
Rof
RF RC2 = 5 kΩ
Vs
RC3 = 600 Ω
RE1 RE3 RE1 = 100 Ω
RF = 640 Ω
Rin = Rif RE3 = 100 Ω
Q3 RC3
Q2 RC2
Y
RC1 Mixing : Tegangan (SERIES),
Q1 Y’ Sampling : Arus (SERIES)
Rof Io
RF
xo I o A
Af
xs Vs 1 A
73
Contoh : Rangkaian β
RF
X V' R
f f E3
R
RE1 X ' E1 R R R
Vf ’ RE3 Io’ o I E3 F E1
o
11,9
RF
R11 RE1 ( RF RE 3 )
RE1
RE3
100 (640 100) 88
R11
RF
R22 RE 3 ( RF RE1 )
RE1 RE3
100 (640 100) 88
R22
74
Contoh : Rangkaian A
Q3 RC3
Vs'
Ri (h fe1 1)re1 R11 ) 13,65 kΩ
I b1
RC 2
Ro re3 R22 143,9 Ω
h fe3 1
75
Contoh : Menentukan Af, Rif, Rof, Rout, Rin, Vo/Vs
76