Church

 CATALYSTS:
1. opening of the priesthood to natives
2. Secularization Movement
3. Cavite Mutiny
 IMPACT:
 challenged the power of the Church
Opening of the Priesthood to Filipinos
 DATE: 1768
 AIM: to replace Jesuits as parish priests
 BEFORE 1768:
 closed to Filipinos even if they had become
Christians
 REASON:
 Filipinos were former pagans
 REASON:
 Filipinos were former Muslims
 SIGNIFICANCE:
 Filipinos do not have
moral ascendancy to
preach Christianity
 Jesuits were expelled from the Philippines
 IMPACT:
1. left many parishes without a parish priest
2. created a need to open the priesthood to
Filipinos
 RESTRICTIONS:
 Filipinos were not allowed to become friars
(members of religious orders)
 ROLE:
1. to preach the Christian doctrines
2. to baptize
 RESTRICTIONS:
 Filipinos were allowed to become only secular
priests (under the jurisdiction of the
Archbishop)
 ROLE: strengthen the faith of new converts
through the administration of the
sacraments:
 Baptism
 Confession
 Eucharist
 Marriage
 Extreme Unction
 SIGNIFICANCE TO FILIPINOS:
 Spaniards practiced racial inequality
Secularization Movement
 1826:
 King Ferdinand VII issues a decree ordering
all parishes under the care of secular priests
to be turned over to regular priests as soon
as they become vacant either through the
death or transfer of the incumbent
 IMPLICATION:
 there will come a time when Filipinos can
no longer become parish priests
 AIM:
 to petition King Ferdinand VII to repeal the
1826 Royal Decree
 AIM:
 to petition King Ferdinand VII to place all
parishes in the hands of secular priests
 LEADERS:
 Mariano Gomez
 parish priest of Bacoor, Cavite
 LEADERS:
 Pedro Pelaez
 assistant to the Archbishop of Manila
 AIM:
 to appoint Filipino priests as parish priests
 LEADERS:
 Jose Burgos
 son of a Spanish father and a Filipino mother
 studied Theology at the University of Santo
Tomas
 1864:
 “Manifiesto que a la noble nacion española
dirigen los leales filipinos en defensa de su
honra y fidelidad gravemente vulneradas por
el periodico "La Verdad" de Madrid”
 1864:
 Manifesto that the loyal
Filipinos address to the
noble Spanish nation in
defense of their honor
and fidelity gravely
abused by the newspaper
“La Verdad” of Madrid
 used arguments from civil law and canonical
law to prove the rights of Filipino priests to
administer parishes
 decried Spanish discrimination in removing
Filipino secular priests from parishes
 AIM:
 to appoint Filipino priests as parish priests
 raised the Secularization Movement into a
Filipinization Movement
 defended the right of Filipino priests to
become parish priests
 raised the Secularization Movement into a
Political Movement
 promoted equality between Spaniards and
Filipinos
 IMPACT:
 the first to formulate a concept of Filipino
nationalism
 IMPACT:
 made the Spanish colonial government to
suspect Filipino secular priests of paving the
way for a revolution
Cavite Mutiny
 gave the Spanish colonial government an
excuse to arrest Filipino seculars
 principal Spanish shipyard in the Philippines
 built and repaired Spanish galleons
 employed Filipino workers for the building of
ships
 gave tax exemption privileges to the workers
 Filipino workers at the Cavite Arsenal start a
mutiny
 CAUSE:
 the government cancelled the tax exemption
privileges of the workers
 armed clashes break out between Filipino
workers and Spanish soldiers
 Filipino workers seize Fort San Felipe
 principal Spanish fort in Cavite Arsenal
 gave the Spanish colonial government an
excuse to arrest Filipino seculars
 the government orders the arrest of:
1. Mariano Gomez
2. Jose Burgos
3. Jacinto Zamora
 accused as the principal leaders of the
Cavite Mutiny
 the government orders the three priests
imprisoned in Fort Santiago
 a military court charges the three priests
with the crime of “conspiracy against the
national integrity and constitution of the
state”
 GOM-BUR-ZA:
 executed by means of garrote at Bagumbayan
(Luneta)
 principal means of capital punishment in the
19th century
 used by the government and by the church
as an excuse to crush the Secularization
Movement
 exiled to the Marianas (Guam)
 Jose Ma. Guevarra
 Agustin Mendoza
 Feliciano Gomez
 Pedro Dandan
 Anacleto Desiderio
 Miguel Laza
 Toribio del Pilar
 Justo Guanson
 Vicente del Rosario
 Mariano Sevilla
 promoted two important political concepts
1. equality
2. nationalism
 promoted EQUALITY
 (denounced discrimination between secular
and regular priests)
 promoted NATIONALISM
 (elevated Filipino interests)
 IMPACT:
 left the Secularization Movement without a
leader
 IMPACT:
 left the Secularization Movement without a
leader
 SIGNIFICANCE:
 continued the struggle for
equality started by the
Gom-Bur-Za and the
Secularization Movement
 SIGNIFICANCE:
 exposed the abuses of friars in the Noli Me
Tangere
 SIGNIFICANCE:
 dedicated the El Filibusterismo to the
martyrdom of the Gom-Bur-Za
Church