INTRODUCTION

TO QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH

1 Tim Pengajar
Metodologi Penelitian
 WHAT IS QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Qualitativeresearch is a type of
research seeks culturally
information about the values,
know ledge,perception, attitude,
opinions, motivation ,behaviors
of particular population from
the perspective of the local
populations it involves. 2
THE ASSUMPTION OF QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH
 Concerned primarily with process
 Interested in meaning how people make sense
of their lives
 Researcher is the primarily instrument

 Involves fieldwork

 Descriptive

 Inductive means that the researcher builds

concepts,hypotheses,and theories from details
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 PREDISPOSITIONS OF QUANTITATIVE AND
QUALITATIVE MODELS
KUANTITATIF KUALITATIF
Assumptions Assumptions
- Social facts have an objective - Reality is socially constructed
reality - Variables are complex,
- Variable can be identified and interwoven, difficult to
relationships measured measure
- Etic ( outsite point of view) - Emic (Insiders point of view)
Purposes Purposes
- Contextualization
-- Generalizabity - Intepretation
-- Pediction - Understanding community
- Causal explanation perspective
Approach Approach
- End with hypotheses and
- Begins with hypothesis, theory theory
- Formal instrument - Researcher as instrument
- Experimentation - Naturalistic
- Deductive - Inductive
- Searches for patterns 4
- Component analyses
- Minor use of nunerical indices
- Reduced data to numerical
indices
SOME DIFFERENCES OF
QUALITATIVE AND
QUANTITATIVE
Qualitative Quantitative
 Searching depth  Measure the grade
information of action
 Why  How much

 Motivation
● Action
● Prove
 Discovery
● Description
 Exploration

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USING QUALITATIVE
METHODS
 Conceptual
 Pragmatic : Budget, time, flexible
 Utility of qualitative research
 Explore / Develop ideas
 Develop quantitative study
 Explanation quantitative finding
 Main data collection methods
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QUALITATIVE DATA
COLLECTION METHODS
Indepthinterview
Focus Group Discussion
Observation Participation

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SAMPLE
Key informant, Informant
- appropriateness
- adequacy
(social class,
age,education,gender, ethnic,
income, etc)
- there is no new information
Purposive sampling 8
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY
VALIDITY
 Validity concern about any measurement
technique
 Validity refers to the extent to which the data
collection strategy provide for a repsentative
sampling of times ,events,persons or setting
REALIBILITY
 Reliability concern about the consistency or
dependability of the instrument or
measurement strategy 9
 VALIDITY DATA
 Triangulation source of data
 Crosscheck with other sources of data
 Compare and contrast data
 Use different informant
 Triangulation Methods
 Using some difference methods in data
collection
Example: FGD and observation or Observation
and indepth interview or FGD and Indepth
interview
 Triangulation Data or Analysis
 Analysis done by more than one researccher10 or
 Ask feedback from informant
 RELIABILITY

Reobserved the video

Repeat listening the audio-tape
Recheck the transcript fom
audio tape

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KEY SUCCESS

How to ask a question

Listening
Creative investigation

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THE ART OF ASKING QUESTIONS

 -Used Open ended question

 -Don’t asked 2 question together
 -Don’t asked a leading question
 -Don’t asked why?
 -Don’t asked dichotomy question

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THE ART OF LISTENING

1. Concentration to the informant

2. Talk only if necessary such as
reinforcing the discussion,
explanation if the informant
confused with the question
2. Give attention to the informant
explanation 14
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT IN QUALITATIVE
METHOD

1. Holistic
A view that gives a whole description about a
social group
2. contextual
to place the information in the broad
perspective
3. Perspectif emic (inside/ community point of
view)

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4. ORIENTATION FREE VALUEING

 Researcher should try not judge to the culture

behavior, eliminate the ethnocentris feeling
5. Perspectif etic
outside point of view ( researcher point of view)
about reality

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TERIMA
KASIH

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