Concept of State and

Government in
Pakistan
 State
O A state is the means of rule over a defined or
"sovereign" territory.
O It is comprised of an executive, a
bureaucracy, courts and other institutions.
O “A politically organized body of people
usually occupying a definite
territory; especially : one that is sovereign”.
O According to Sidgwick, “state is a combination
or association of persons in the form of
government and governed and united
together into a politically organised people of a
definite territory”.
 State & Nation
No State
1 Existed not only at present
but also in the ancient
period.
2 It is legal political
3 People organised for law
within a definite territory
4 A state must be sovereign
5 Inhabited by heterogeneous
groups of people
Nation
Modern phenomena
It is ethnic cultural
People psychologically joined
together with common will to live
together
People continue as a nation even if
they do not remain sovereign
Inhabited by the homogeneous
groups of people
 Structure of State
O Welfare state
O Security State
 The elements of State
1. Population
 According to Plato 5040
 According to Aristotle neither too
large nor too small
2. Territory
3. Sovereignty
 Internal Sovereignty
 External sovereignty
4. Government
 Government
O There can be no state without a government.
Gov’t is the working agency of the state. It’s
the political organization of the state.
O According to C.F Strong, in order to make and
enforce laws the state must have highest
authority. This is called the government.
 State & Government
No State Government
1 State consists of Gov’t is the part of the state
population, territory
government and
population

2 State possesses original Powers of the government are

powers derived from the state
3 State is permanent and Government is temporary it
continues forever may come and go
4 State is abstract and Gov’t is concrete and visible
invisible
 Forms of Gov’t
O Monarchy
O Heredity/succession
O Aristocracy
O Exercise of political authority by few Elite person
O Dictatorship
O through a military coup, assumes absolute
political authority
O Democracy
O People have political participation through
elected representatives
 Structure of Gov’t
O Presidential government
O Executive authority in the hands of
president who is head of gov’t as well
as state
O Parliamentary government
O Make and execute laws
O Legislature & executive
 Branches of
Government

Legislature Judiciary Executive

 Legislature
O Legislature is a deliberative body where
matters of social, economic and political
concerns are discussed, debated and
decided.
O Law making branch
O Adjustment of constitution
 Judiciary
O Its main function is to interpret laws and
administer justice.
O To determine what s law and what is the scope
O To give advisory opinion on matters referred to it.
O To issue orders or writs for the purpose of
preventing violation of rights and law.
O To act as the guardian of constitution.
 Power of Executive
 State functions through the executive
 It is the duty of the executive to enforce the laws
passed by the legislative.
 Functions of executive
O Enforcing of law
O Maintaining peace and order
O Repelling aggression
O Building friendly relations with other states
O Making appointments to higher posts
O Raising money and spending them