Work is done only when a

force is applied to a body and

moves it.
Formula:
Where:
W  Fs
W → work
F → Force
s → distance
The two conditions where work
is done.
 There must be a force.
 The object must move
through a distance in the
same direction as the force.
You push a large box along the
floor with all your strength and
it does not move.

No work is done.
(The force exerted on the object
causes no displacement.)
You are supporting a load on
your shoulder.

No work is done.
(The force applied has a zero
component in the direction of
motion.)
The load is lifted to the level of
the shoulder.

Work is done.
Man walks with sack of sugar on
his back.
Man walks with sack of sugar on
his back.

No work is done.
You brought down the package.

Work is done.
You climb a flight of stairs.

Work is done.
a) We can toss a ball.
b) We can push a box.
c) A carabao pulls a plow.
d) Wind can turn windmills.
e) Steam can make the pistons
of engines move.
→ There is motion in each
cases.
Units of Work:
Newton ∙ meter (N∙m) = Joule (J)
Dyne ∙ centimeter (Dyne∙cm) =
ergs
Foot ∙ pounds (ft · lb)
Conversion Factor:
1 Joule (J) = 1 x 107 ergs
Work is done in
pulling/pushing.
Formula:
Wk  Fs
Work is done in lifting.
Formula:

Wk  Fs
Wk  mgh
Work done by a force at an
angle with the displacement
Formula: Wk  F cos  s
Work done in rotary motion.
Formula:
Where:
θ → angular displacement
W  Fs ; s  r

W  Fr  Fr2
What work is done by a man
who pushes a box along the
floor with a force of 30 N over a
distance of 5m? Solution:
Given: F  30 N Wk  Fs
s  5m
Wk  (30 N )(5m)
Find: Wk Wk  150 Nm or150 J
How much work is done in
lifting a 2.5 kg package to a
shelf 2 m high? Solution:
Given: m  2.5kg F  mg
s  2m F  (2.5kg)(9.8m / s )
2

F  24.5 N
Find: Wk  Fs
change mass to weight
Wk Wk  (24.5 N )( 2m)
Wk  49 Nm or 49 J
What work is done in pushing a
crate 20 m horizontally when a
force of 60 N is applied on a rope
which makes an angle of 300 with
the ground?
Solution:
Given: s  20m
F  60 N Wk  F cos  s
  30 0 Wk  (60 N )(cos 300 )( 20m)
Find: Wk Wk  1039.23Nm or 1039.23J
A force of 10 N is applied on a
radius of wheel is 1 m . How
much work is done as it make
one complete turn?
Solution:
Given: F  10 N
r  1m Wk  Fr 2
Wk  (10 N )(1 m)( 2)( )
Find: Wk
Wk  62.83 Nm or 62.83 J
A man weighing 750N climbs a
flight of stairs that is 5 m high.
What work does he do?
Given: Solution:
F  750 N
s  5m
Wk  Fs
Find: Wk  (750 N )(5m)
Wk
Wk  3750 Nm or 3750 J
Power is the speed or the rate
of doing work.
Power is the amount of work
done in a unit of time.
Formula:
Wk Fs
P ; P  ; P  Fv
t t
Units of Power:
1 Joule/second (J/s) = 1 watt
Conversion Factor:
1 horsepower (hp) = 746 watts/550ft.lb/s
1 kilowatt (kw) = 1000 watts
1 kilowatt (kw) = 1.34 horsepower (hp)
1 kilowatthour (kwh) = 3.6 x 106 Joule (J)
A boy with a mass of 60 kg
walks up a flight of stairs 12 m
high in 30 seconds. What
power did he use?
m  60kg Solution:
Given: s  12m Wk mgh
P orP 
t  30s t t
(60kg)(9.8 m / s 2 )(12m)
Find: P P
30s
7056 J
P  235.2watts
30s
A jet engine develops a thrust
of 1.5 x 104 N. When the plane
is flying at 300 m/s, what power
in kilowatt (kw) is developed?
Given: Solution:
F  1.5 x 10 N
4
P  Fv
v  300 m / s P  (1.5 x10 4 N )(300m / s)  4500000watts

Find:  1 kw 
P (kw) P  (4500000watts) 
 1000 watts 
P  4500 kw
A motor is rated at 20 kilowatt
(kw). At what speed in m/s can
this motor raise a load weighing
2.5 x 105 N?
Solution:
Given: P  20kw  1000 watts 
P  20 kw   20000 watts
F  2.5 x 10 N
5
 1 kw 

Find:
P 20000 Nm / s
v(m / s ) v   0.08 m / s
F 2.5 x 105 N
If an electric motor exerts a
force of 300 N on a cable and
pulls it a distance of 20 m in 1
minute, how much power is
supplied by the motor?
F  300 N Solution:
Given:s  20m
Fs (300 N )( 20m)
t  1 min  60s P   100 watt
t 60 s
Find: P
The engine of a motor boat delivers
30 kilowatt (kw) to the propeller
while the boat is moving at 10 m/s.
What would be the force in the
towline if the boat were being
towed at the same speed?
Given: 𝑃 = 30 𝑘𝑤

Find:
𝐹

Solution: 𝑃
𝐹=
𝑣
1000𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
30𝑘𝑤 ∙ 30000 𝑁𝑚/𝑠
1𝑘𝑤 𝐹=
10 𝑚/𝑠
= 30000 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑠
𝐹 = 3000 𝑁
is the capacity to do work.
is a scalar quantity,
The amount of energy transferred
to an object is equal to the
work done in that object,
The units of energy are the same
with the units of work.
 FORCE
2
kgm / s = NEWTON OR N

 Work and Energy

2 2
kgm / s = JOULE OR J

 POWER
2 3
kgm / s = WATTS
Potential Energy
◦is stored energy.
◦energy possessed by an
object because of its position

PE  W  S
W  GPE  mgh

Gravitational Potential Energy

(GPE) is the energy possessed by
an object due to its position
relative to the Earth.
Formula:

Wk  GPE  mgh
W  GPE  mgh

Elastic Potential Energy (EPE) is

the energy possessed by an
object like a spring or any other
elastic material due to its
condition.
Formula:
1 2
EPE  kx
2
Kinetic Energy is energy
possessed by bodies in
motion.

2
mv
KE 
2
1. When the engine works and
causes the car to move?
2. When the car stops moving.
3. When a bullet is fired from a
gun.
4. When we throw a ball.
5. When a book is lifted and
placed on a shelf.
 Energy cannot be created or
destroyed; it may be transformed
from one form into another, but
the total amount of energy never
changed.
 The total amount of energy of the
system is always constant. Energy
just changes its form during
certain processes.
 When a moving car hits a parked car
and causes the parked car to move,
energy is transferred from the moving
car to the parked car.
 When you push the book across the
table, the energy from your arm is
transferred from your body to the
book, causing the book to move.
◦The work done on an object equal
the change in kinetic energy of the
object.
◦Work can also transfer to other forms
of energy to a system

Wk  KE  KE2  KE1

 What is KE of 200g bullet travelling at a
velocity 200m/s?
 What is the PE of a 2.1 lb stone placed at the
window of CAS building 38ft high?
 A 1000 kg car is moving at 30 km/hr. What is
its KE
 When a 2kg object is set into motion by a
force that does 400 J of work in moving the
object, what is the final velocity of the object?
Find the potential energy of an object weighing 300 N
when placed on top of a table 3.5 m high.
Given:
𝐹 = 300 𝑁
A 300 g bullet ℎis= fired 3.5 𝑚 with a speed
Solution:
of 370 m/s. 𝐺𝑃𝐸 If it stopped
= 𝑚𝑔ℎ = 𝐹ℎ in 160 m,
find its kinetic 𝐺𝑃𝐸 =energy
300 𝑁 3.5and
𝑚 the force
𝐺𝑃𝐸 = 1050 𝐽
needed to stop it.
A 300 g bullet is fired with a
speed of 370 m/s. If it stopped
in 160 m, find its kinetic energy
and the force needed to stop it.
 Zack applied a uniform force to push his toy
cart having a mass of 5kg at rest and obtain a
speed of 4m/s at a distance of 15 m.
Determine the force that Zack applied.