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H2 → 2H + + 2e – 1/20 2 + 2H + + 2e – → H2 0

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 Fuel cells are electrochemical cells consisting of
two electrodes and an electrolyte which convert
the chemical energy of chemical reaction between
fuel and oxidant directly into electrical energy.
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Ordinary Combustion process of fuel is

Fuel Oxygen Combustion

Heat
Products

The process of fuel cell is

Fuel Oxygen Oxidation Electricity

Products

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 Carbon
Dioxide
Nitrogen
Oxides

Carbon
Other Monoxide
toxins

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What are fuel cell vehicles?

Fuel Cell: Hydrogen + Oxygen → Water

Combustion: Petrol + Oxygen → Water + CO2 + CO + NOx +Particles /

toxins
 Generate electricity
from electrochemical
reaction

Combine Hydrogen &

Oxygen to produce
electricity
Fuel cell
vehicle

Uses Hydrogen gas to

power electric motor

Water & Heat are

produce as byproduct

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High efficiency of energy conversion.
Low noise pollution & low thermal
pollution.
Fuel cells are less polluting.
Hydrogen-Oxygen fuel cells produce
drinking water of potable quality.
Low maintenance cost.
Parts of fuel cell are exchangeable

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High initial cost.
Life times of the cells are not accurately
known.
Large weight and volume of gas fuel
storage system.
High cost of pure hydrogen
Lack of infrastructure for distributing
hydrogen.

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Development of Fuel cell in India

• India’s first Hydrogen Fuel Cell powered bus has been flagged
off by I.O.C. It is been developed with collrabation of Tata
motors
• BHEL is development project on High Temperature Fuel cell
• Mahindra and Mahindra is developing several projects on
hydrogen, hydrogen + methane vehicle projects are also
development for transportation applications.
• DRDO AIP:- India develop Air Independent propulsion system
for Scorpene Submarine
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