TOPIC 2:

WOOD JOINTS
PRESENTED BY:
CHUA CHIN YEE
WANG WEN JIN
BADER
SAMAD MUHAMMAD
Joinery is a part of woodworking that involves joining
together pieces of timber or lumber, to produce more
complex items. Some wood joints employ fasteners,
bindings, or adhesives, while others use only wood
elements. The characteristics of wooden joints -
strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc. - derive
from the properties of the materials involved and the
purpose of the joint. Therefore, different joinery
techniques are used to meet differing requirements. For
example, the joinery used to construct a house can be
different from that used to make puzzle toys, although
some concepts overlap.
TYPES OF JOINTS
 CARCASE JOINTS

box like
Carcass joints are associated with ………..
constructions and have members joining usually at
right
……………… angles. The two types of carcass joints
corner
are ……………. divisional
and …………………..carcass joints.

The following slides illustrate the most common joints and their typical
applications
 CARCASE JOINTS

Can be
Butt Joint strengthened
with nails or
screws
 CARCASE JOINTS

Can be
Butt Joint strengthened
with nails or
screws

EXTRA…
 CARCASE JOINTS

Rebate & butt joint

Increased surface Reduced end

area for gluing grain showing
EXTRA…
 CARCASE JOINTS

Mitre Joint

Can be
strengthened
by nails, or
screws or……
 CARCASE JOINTS

A spline may be added to

strengthen the joint.
CARCASE JOINTS
Mitre Joints are typically
used in picture framing
 CARCASE JOINTS

Dowel Joint. It is another way to

strengthen the simple butt joint.

The pins, or dowels should be approx

1/3 of the thickness of the timber

The number of pins depends on the width of the timber.

 CARCASE JOINTS-Dovetail Joints

These are the strongest of all carcase

joints and are used in the manufacture of
high quality furniture. They can be time-
consuming and difficult to make, but can
be manufactured en masse with the use of
dovetailing
a special ………………………..jig.
CARCASE JOINTS-Dovetail Joints

Single Dovetail.
 CARCASE JOINTS-Dovetail Joints

Common or through dovetail joint.

 CARCASE JOINTS-Dovetail Joints
Lapped dovetail joint.

End grain only shows from

one direction
Dovetail joint applications
Dovetail joint applications
 Housing Joints

Through housing

These joints consist of one

member fitting into a trench on
the face of the second member.
The depth of the trench is equal
to………
Approximately 1/3 the depth
of the timber
Housing Joints

Stopped housing

Advantage:-
The joint cannot be seen
when it has been assembled.
 Housing Joints

The stopped housing

joint is typically used in
bookcase construction,
and can be
strengthened with
dowels or screws.
 Framing Joints

Tee Halving Joint

 Framing Joints

Cross Halving Joint

 Framing Joints

This joint may be

Corner Halving Joint strengthened with
dowels….

or screws.
 Framing Joints

Which variation of the halving joint is the

the dovetail halving

strongest?……………………………

The tail acts as a wedge

Why?…………………………………
What is the most accurate method for
With a marking knife
marking out joints?……………………………..
The unsightly end grain is not seen
with a mitre joint
 Mortise & Tenon Joints

These are the strongest framing joints and are used

where considerable loads are applied. Typical examples
include Tables, chairs, beds and furniture subject
to dynamic loads.
Mortise & Tenon Joints
 Mortise & Tenon Joints

When the mortise is cut right through the

timber and the tenon appears on the other
side it is known as a Through Mortise &
Joint can be Tenon
constructed on any
angle
 Mortise & Tenon Joints

A Haunched Mortise &

Tenon joint does not
pass all the way
through the timber,
(about 2/3), and may
have a shoulder if it is
at the corner.
 Widening Joints

Widening joints are used to make slabs of solid timber that are
wider than is normally available.

The most common widening joint is the simple butt joint.

It can be strengthened by using dowels or biscuits.

Butt joint
dowel joint
Tongue & groove joint is common in flooring, but may also be used as a
widening joint
These are some variations of the tongue & groove joint
Biscuit joint
 Biscuit joints can be used as carcase joints as well and are popular because they are
easy to construct with a biscuit joining machine.

Construction Steps

The slot is cut on each member with

the machine.
The biscuit is inserted with glue.
The joint is clamped together.
OTHER TYPES & THE APPLICATION
 The Dougong
A nailless Chinese construction method
Bracket sets are created by placing a
wooden block (“dou”) onto a column to
form a solid base. Another wooden
bracket (“gong”) is then inserted into the
dou to support either a wooden beam, or
another gong

The pieces are fitted together

by joinery alone without glue or fasteners,
due to the precision and quality of the
carpentry.
Traditional Japanese Wood
Joinery
 Japanese craftsmen used complex,
interlocking joints to connect pieces of
wood for structures and beams,
helping to create a uniquely
Japanese wood aesthetic that can still
be seen in the works of modern
masters like Shigeru Ban.

The joints had also been designed

with this threat of earthquakes in mind
SUNRISE DOVETAIL
• more flamboyant joints of the woodwork
world
• appearing complex and difficult to pull off,
but providing a firm locking structure and
aesthetic appeal to furniture designs
• divided by pins and tails that are designed
to come together and interlock, making the
design another alternative to added screws
and bolts
• have been adopted by cabinet makers and
carpenters for their sophisticated clean
look, often used to create a set of draws or
to form the corners at the base of furniture.
THE MORTISE AND TENON JOINT

The idea works just like a jigsaw

that needs be pieced together.

Mortise = hole
Tenon = thing-designed-to-fill-said-hole
SAMPO-ZASHI

Combining Dovetail and the Mortise and

Tenon to create extremely precise and
elaborate joints

needing three or more pieces of wood to

combine to a single post with exact
millimetre measurements, and ultimately
pinned and held together by wooden pegs
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
BUTT JOINT
ADVENTAGES :
Simple
DISADVENTAGES :
Weak with only glue to support it
End grain will absorb a lot of the glue
Can require additional aids such as dowelling
LAP JOINT

ADVENTAGES :
Simple
Stronger than a butt joint
More surface area to glue
DISADVENTAGES :
Relatively weak
Will require extra reinforcement
DOVETAIL

ADVENTAGES :
Very strong
Aesthetically pleasing
Needs no extra support
DISVENTAGES :
Complex to construct but a jig can be used
HOUSING JOINT

ADVENTAGES :
Relatively strong
simple construction
DISADVENTAGES :
Not as aesthetically pleasing as other joints.
COMB JOINT

ADVENTAGES :
Strong joint
A jig can be used for faster comb cutting plenty
of gluing surfaces
DISADVENTAGES :
Can look busy if there are many small joints
Time consuming to cut
 REFERENCES
Lee A. Jesberger (2007). Woodworking Terms and Joints. Pro
Woodworking Tips.com
Bernard Jones (Ed.) (1980). The Complete Woodworker. ISBN 0-
89815-022-1
Peter Korn (1993). Working with Wood. ISBN 1-56158-041-4
Sam Allen (1990). Wood Joiner's Handbook. Sterling Publishing.
ISBN 0-8069-6999-7
Wolfram Graubner (1992). Encyclopedia of Wood Joints. Taunton
Press. ISBN 1-56158-004-X
US Forestry Service (1985) Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability
of Wood http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr50.pdf