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‘Might is right’ or ‘Right is Might’
‘The means justify the ends’ or ‘the
ends justify the means’
POLITICS
Etymologically, the term politics
is derived from the Greek word
“polis” meaning a city which is
known today as a sovereign state.
MACHIAVELLI
He said that there is a difference
between what is and what ought
to be. To him, politics is the
pursuit of power; and power is
the goal of all political activity.
ATTY. VIRGINIO VALLE
Define politics as the study of
power and the powerful, of
influence and the influential, of
rules and the ruler, and of
authority and the authoritative
POLITICS
Is precisely the “theory , art and practice of
government.” We need people who will be
vested with authority to exercise power and
assume responsibility over the governance of
society. We need law and order to preserve
our norms and values and to regulate and
control the relationship of people with one
another. We need political leaders who would
steer the ship of state towards the promotion
of social, political, and economic wellbeing of
its people.
Statecraft
Or governing a country where government
rules well for the common welfare of its
citizens
Demagoguery
When government rules for the welfare of the
ruler or a few persons, politics
APPROACHES IN THE
STUDY OF POLITICS
1. THE TRADITIONAL/HISTORICAL
APPROACH
Most political scientists use history while
traditionalists concentrate almost exclusively on
this area emphasizing chronology and historical
development of government structures and
institutions.
2. THE SCIENTIFIC/ BEHAVIORALIST APPROACH
Concentrating on the informed aspects of
politics, a behavioralist seeks to understand how
individuals behave within political institution
and how informed behavior contributes to
policymaking.
3. THE GENERAL THEORY
APPROACH
This theory employs to identify all the critical
structures and processes of society, explain
their interrelationship with politics and predict
a wide array of governmental outcomes.
4. THE SYSTEM APPROACH
The essence of system theory is that the politics
of a social environment and an abstract political
system which processes or converts demands
and supports into outputs, providing an overall
stability or homeostasis
5. THE STRUCTURALFUNCTIONAL APPROACH
The essence of this approach is that it specifies
the activities of a sociable political system and
explains how these functions must be performed
to maintain the stability of the political system.
6. THE POLITICAL ECONOMY APPROACH
Political economy studies are concerned with the
relationship between government and economics.
Economics involves conflicts over scarce resources
while politics generally involves decisions about who
will pay and who will benefit from the production
and distribution of products and services
JEAN BODIN
Political Science as the systematic study of the
state and government.
AYSON REYES AND H. DE LEON
Political Science is “the systematic study of
politics”
MIRIAM DEFENSORSANTIAGO
Political Science is “the systematic study of
politics mainly involving the relations people
have with the government
JACOBSEN
Political Science as the analysis of the state and
the relations of people with governent
SCOPE IN THE STUDY
OF POLITICAL
SCIENCE
1. POLITICAL THEORY
The entire body of doctrines relating to the
origin, form, behavior and purposes of the
state are dealt with
2. PUBLIC LAW
It is concerned with:
a) Organization of government
b) Limitations upon government authority
c) Powers and duties of government offices and officers
d) Obligation of one state to another
3. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
The study is focused upon the methods and
techniques used in the actual management of
state affairs by the executive, legislative, and
judicial branches of government
4. COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENT
It consists of the machinery of the state by which
it protects the lives, stability, economic, and
social wellbeing of its citizens
5. PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW
It consists of those rules and principles which
govern the relations and dealings of nations to
each other
THE THREE RELATED CONCEPTS
THAT ARE IMPORTANT
QUESTIONS IN POLITICAL
SCIENCE
a) Legitimacy – An attitude in peoples’ mind
that the government has a right to rule
b) Sovereignty – The nationwide control over
the territory of a particular country
c) Authority – It means the leader is being
followed by obesience
THE CONCEPT OF
GOVERNANCE
Governance means “the process of decision
making and the process by which decisions are
implemented. It means conducting the policy,
actions, and affairs of a state.
Good governance has eight major characteristics:
1. It must be participatory
2. It must be consensusoriented
3. It must be accountable
4. It must be transparent
5. It must be responsive
6. It must be effective and efficient
7. It must be equitable and inclusive
8. It must follow the rule of law
CONCEPT AND NATURE OF
STATE AND GOVERNMENT
A state is a community of persons more or
less numerous, permanently occupying a
definite portion of territory, independent of
external control, and possessing on organized
government of their own to which the great
body of inhabitants render habitual
obedience
ELEMENTS OF THE STATE
1. People
2. Territory comprises the terrestrial (land),
fluvial (water), and aerial (air space)
domains
3. Government is the state machinery to
carry on the act of governance
4. Sovereignty is the supreme authority in
internal matters and freedom from external
control
FIVE MAIN ROLES WHICH THE
STATE MUST PERFORM
1. Domestic peace and order
2. National security
3. Blessing of liberty and justice
4. Promotion of social justice and general
welfare
5. Promotion of public morality and economic
development
CITIZENSHIP AND CITIZEN
Citizenship is denoting membership of a
citizen in a political society
Citizen refers to a member of a democratic
community who enjoys full civil and political
rights and is accorded protection inside and
outside the territory of the state.
DUTIES AND OBLITATIONS OF
CITIZENS
1. To be loyal to the Republic
2. To defend the state
3. To contribute to the development and welfare of
the state
4. To uphold the Constitution and obey the laws
5. To cooperate with duly constituted authorities
6. To exercise rights responsibly and with due
regard for the rights of others
7. To engage in gainful work
8. To register and vote