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Mathematical Crossword
2 Lines intersecting in the
1 an exterior angle of same point
any angle <180
4 figure formed by two rays
2 perimeter of a circle originating at same point
TIME TO GETUP
3
HAPPY & WISE
EARLY TO BED, EARLY TO RISE
MAKES THE PERSON HAPPY & WISE
TIME TO SLEEP 4
RESULT
5
R/MENTAL BLOCK/DISLIKE?
Who is responsible for
creating MATHSPHOBIA
in the child’s mind?
MOTHER ?
1. Recognize you have an aversion to math, whether it's full-blown math phobia or just a few math blocks
here and there.
You'll find it all gets easier, and you'll soon enjoy math once again.
7
INDIAN GENIUS
WHY GO SO FAR? STORY OF THE SON OF OUR OWN
SOIL SIR RAMANUJAN
Who was Srinivasa Ramanujan?
1729? A famous Indian mathematician
who lived from 1887 to 1920.
The theory of numbers brought
worldwide fame to Ramanujan.
CRAFT WORK
TEACHING AIDS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
FALLACIES/PUZZLES
13
LEARN TO ANSWER
WHY & HOW ?
A
B C
C B
A A
B C B C
A 14
SIMPLE RESULTS Pascal triangle
Some Algebraic Facts 1 = (10+1)0
(a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab+ b2 1 1 = (10 + 1)1
1 2 1 = (10 + 1)2
1 3 3 1 = (10 + 1)3
a b 1 4 6 4 1 = (10 + 1)4
ab b2 b 1 5 10 10 5 1 = (10 + 1)5
a b
a2 ab
a b c
a2 ab ac
ab b2 bc
ac bc c2
16
SUM OF THE ANGLES OF REGULAR POLYGONS
Shape of the No. of Rule of Sum of the Rule for Degree
regular polygon sides & Sum of angles measure measure
angles the of each of each
angles angle angle
180(3-2)
3 180 (3-2) 180 60
3
180(4-2)
4 180 (4-2) 360 4 90
180(5-2)
5 180 (5 -2) 540 108
5
180(6-2)
6 180(6-2) 720 120
6
Mathematics
stimulates the
imagination,
anchors
speculation, and
Helpful website: promotes an
www.scribd.com/doc/2726617/chapter-11
awareness of
reality. 18
To derive the formula for area of a circle
h=r
2∏r
= ∏ r2 = Area of a circle
19
l= length
Area= l X b sq.units
b=
breadth
r
Total surface area of a solid
cylinder =
b=h, l = 2 ∏r
height 2 ∏rh + 2 ∏r2 sq.units
CSA =l Xb =2 ∏ r h
20
Volume of a cylinder =
∏r
h h
r
∏r
21
Making a Cube Making a Triangular
Prism
5
3
22
CRAF To make a cone and find its
T 12cms surface area and volume
Materials required:
1. A square piece of thin cardboard of
6 o
o side 12 cm
2. A thick square cardboard of side
36 cm each
1. Scissors, Adhesive, Compasses
`36 2. Bring the edges OA & OB together
.Stick them.Attach the circular piece
above to the bottom of the cone
formed.
18 120 18 120
18 3. Length of the arc=circumference of
O the circle as
120
4. 2 ∏ x6 = 2 ∏ x18 x120/360 =12 ∏cm
18 5. l = slant height =18cms.
6. CSA = ∏ r l = ∏ x6x18=108∏ sq.cms.
36cms.
7. TSA = ∏ x6x6 + 108 ∏ =144 ∏ sq.cms.
UNDERSTAND BETTER
24
MATHS THROUGH CRAFT
ACTIVITY
HEXAGONAL PRISM 25
Sharpen your reasoning with puzzles
5 years later he
The riddle begins, “Diophantus ” youth lasted 1/6 of his life. He grew a beard after 1/7 more of his life he had a son
after 1/12 more married
ALGEBRA SOLVES A RIDDLE
Little is known about the life of
Diophantus the Greek father of algebra,
except his age at death, which has been
preserved in the famous 1,500-year-old
riddle shown here. If we assume ‘x’ as
his age at the time of death then we get
the equation
x = x/6 + x/12 + x/7 + 5 + x/2 + 4,
The son lived exactly ½ as long as his father. And Diophantus All this adds up to which reduces to 3x/28 = 9 telling us
died just 4 years after his son. the years
27
Diophantus was 84 years old when he
Diophantus lived died.
ACHILLES FOOT
Achilles and tortoise
Speed of Achilles is 10 times that of tortoise.
However tortoise gets a head start of 100
meters. When will Achilles catch on with the
tortoise?
100
30
FIBONACCI
Fibonacci Numbers
Sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, New borne
13, ………if you’ve ever
thought maths wasn’t
“natural,” think again. The One month old
numbers of many
flowerpetals are Fibonacci Every ratio of the
numbers. The numbers of Fibonacci numbers
spirals in a pine cone, starting from 3/2, 5/3,
pineapple, and sunflower 8/5, ….. is called golden
seed heads also tend to be ratio more about it
31
GOLDEN RECTANGLE
Calling someone a “SQUARE” is an insult but calling
them a “GOLDEN RECTANGLE” isn’t so bad.
This construction
This old man which is used in
portrait of many temples,
Leonardo da mosques fits into
Vinci shows a golden
picture with a rectangles.
square
subdivided into In each of the square if
rectangles you put a quarter circle
having golden then it represents the
ratio. pattern which we see
in some seashell
B The ratio AG:AB This rectangle is the most harmonious & pleasing to the
represent the eye hence we have sheets of paper, book of pages,
golden ratio and standard photo frame, monitor, credit cards, windows
and so on in the shape of rectangle.
is donated by
1+ 5
Usually ratio of all rectangular things is between
A =
2 1.4:1 and 1.8:1,credit cards,TV ,monitors32etc.
G
=1.6 :1
RELATION & FUNCTION
33
THEORY OF CONVERGENCE
• (using a shrinking ruler to measure the
unmeasurable)
• A fundamental concept of calculus is ‘convergence of
limit’. The idea that an unknown value can be measured
by ”closing in “through approximations that are made
finer & finer until they are refined, in effect to a precise
value.1) the tracks converging on the horizon appear to
join at a particular point, though they actually never
meet.2)Images of a boy holding a mirror photographed in
another mirror, although actually never shrink, but they
appear to be converging on such a small area that it is
considered to be a point.3)The lines AE,AD,AC &AB
show average growth rates for successively smaller
periods of time. But for the instant A ,the growth rate is
shown by the tangent at A.
34
CONVERGENCE
35
Vector analysis
• VECTOR ANALYSIS
Shooting at a target on a windy day is
a problem illustrating one of Carl
Gauss’s realm of mathematics known
V2 as ‘vector analysis’ The velocity of the
R wind blowing from west to east is
represented by an arrow i.e. vector
V1.The rifleman compensates by
moving his gun slightly left of the
V1 target as represented by vector V2.The
bullet flies in a compromise pathway to
the bull’s eye along the line R.
36
The great Galileo & Isac newton : Gravitational force
g=32ft/sec
A parachuter in free fall
drops faster every
Timing an object as it falls
monent.Calculus finds from a given height is the
his rate at any instant most straight forward
by in effect, measuring method of gauging the
shorter & shorter time efects of gravity.It was this
segments.In the first technique which Galileo
bracketed period he used about 1585 to arrive at
falls at an average his free fall eqn.y=16t2 ;y
representing the distance
speed of 88ft/sec for
fallen in ft. and t the elapsed
half a sec.In the next
time I sec. after the first fall.
equal period 104 feet.In Newton further proved that
two shorter periods he it is law of nature that every
drops 94.4 ft per sec & free falling object falls to
97.6 ft.The ever earth with a constant
narrowing range finally acceleration of 32ft /sec
converge to 96 ft/sec at every sec.
exactly 3 sec. 37
THEODOLITE & SEXTANT
A theodolite is a surveying
instrument used for measuring
horizontal and vertical angles.
A Sextant is an instrument
used to measure the angle of
elevation of the sun above the
38
horizon.
MOBIUS STRIP
40
Beauty of Math!
1 x 9 + 2 = 11
1x8+1=9
12 x 9 + 3 = 111
12 x 8 + 2 = 98
123 x 9 + 4 = 1111
123 x 8 + 3 = 987
1234 x 9 + 5 = 11111
1234 x 8 + 4 = 9876
12345 x 9 + 6 = 111111
12345 x 8 + 5 = 98765
123456 x 9 + 7 = 1111111
123456 x 8 + 6 = 987654
1234567 x 9 + 8 = 11111111
1234567 x 8 + 7 = 9876543
12345678 x 9 + 9 = 111111111
12345678 x 8 + 8 = 98765432
123456789 x 9 +10= 1111111111
123456789 x 8 + 9 = 987654321
look at this symmetry:
9 x 9 + 7 = 88 1x1=1
98 x 9 + 6 = 888 11 x 11 = 121
987 x 9 + 5 = 8888 111 x 111 = 12321
9876 x 9 + 4 = 88888 1111 x 1111 = 1234321
98765 x 9 + 3 = 888888 11111 x 11111 = 123454321
987654 x 9 + 2 = 8888888 111111 x 111111 = 12345654321
9876543 x 9 + 1 = 88888888 1111111 x 1111111 = 1234567654321
98765432 x 9 + 0 = 888888888 11111111 x 11111111 = 123456787654321
111111111 x 111111111=12345678987654321
41
Brilliant, isn't it?
U KNOW HIM
IN 1882 A GERMAN COUPLE WORRIED THAT THEIR
THREE YEAR OLD CHILD HAD NOT LEARNT TO SPEAK
A WORD . HOWEVER HE GREW UP WITH THE SIDE
INTEREST OF OBSCURE MATHS. WHICH EARNED HIM
A NOBLE PRIZE. TILL THE DATE THE WORLD
REMEMBER S HIM AS
E = mc2
42
ALBERT EINSTEIN
HELLO,HOPE U R WITH ME. THEN JUST
READ IF THESE INTEREST U.
Pythagoras, Greek
mathematician, formulated
the Pythagoras, theorem.
44
1642-1727
Sir Isaac Newton’s
greatest contribution to
mathematics was the
invention of calculus.
The lines show average growth
rate for successive periods. But
for the instant it is shown by a
gradient of the tangent.
x
46
1777-1855
47
Charles Babbage
British Mathematician
& Engineer develop an
early computer.
1791-1871
48
INDIA IS PROUD OF U & INDEBTED TO U
FOR EVER
• Aryabhatta: gave the value of Pi. For
his astronomical contributions India’s
first satellite was named after him.
• Brahmagupta: Developed a decimal
system by giving Zero.
• Bhaskara: developed Trigonometry.
• Jayant Naralikar : Theory of relativity.
• S.N.Bose : an eminent statistician
49
INTERESTING !!! If U are
AWAKE.
• 1729? As I told you earlier at Who was Leelavati? This
schol Ramanujan was a studnt unortunate daughter of
star in Maths.He went beyond Bhaskarachrya became a first
what was tought in
class.Fascination for the woman mathematician as the
beauties in maths going got tough for her. As we
overpowered him.1729 is the all know Bhaskaracharya was a
famous taxi no.which is often great astronomer & had
mentioned in narrating his love
for nos.While in the U.K. Prof. developed a science of
Hardy visited him in the astronomical calculations. He
hospital as Ramanujan was had calculated an auspicious
lying ill.Hardy mentioned the muhurtam for his daughter to
no.of the taxi in which he
came.At once Ramanujan get married. However he also
gave out the property of 1729 knew something which made
as the smallest no.that can be him worry. What was that U
expressed as a sum of two want me to tell? THIS IS JUST
cubes in two different
ways.This theory later helped TO SEE HOW MANY OF U ARE
immensly in solving STILL AWAKE!!Ok so the story50
indeterminate eqns. goes.
This was a humble effort to demonstrate the
power and sophistication of these ideas, and
explore how mathematics teaching can be
structured to resonate with children's
sophisticated thinking.