YEAR OF DIALOGUE AND RECONCILIATION

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING
Faculty of Engineering ,Geology, Mining and Metallurgy

MINING TECHNICAL TRAINING CENTRE

 LESSON 8
EXPLOITATION OF MINES

Miss: María Elena Puelles Ramírez

 MINING

• Mining is the selective extraction

of minerals and other materials
from the crust, of which may
result in an economic benefit.
• It is the primary economic
activity to our country.
 MINERAL DEFINITION

• A mineral is a pure inorganic substance that

occurs naturally in the earth’s crust.
 PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

• The primary sector of the economy is the sector of

an economy making direct use of natural resources
This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining.
 TYPES OF MINERALS

Depending on the type of

material to be extracted is
divided into metallic and
non-metallic mining and
the ornamental stones.
 METALLIC MINING
It is the extraction of valuable minerals from the
earth from an ore body, lode, vein, seam or reef.
GOLD BEADS SILVER SHEETS
 NON-METALLIC MINING
• The industry of non-metallic mineral products
is made up of the cement, ceramics, glass and
lime sectors. These are all traditional, well-
established manufacturing sectors
characterized by the transformation of
naturally occurring minerals such as
limestone, silica, and clays, through an
intensive process of energy.
 TRANSFORMATION OF NATURALLY
MINERALS
•
• GLASS

• GLASS
•

CERAMIC LIME
 THE MINING OF GEMS AND
ORNAMENTAL STONES
A gemstone or gem is a part of mineral, which, in cut and
refined form, is used to make jewelry or other
adornments.

MALACHITE EMERALD
 BRAZIL
• Brazil has become one of the largest
producers and exporters of
ornamental rocks in the world. The
official numbers assigned to a
production of 5.2 million tonnes per
year, and more than 105,000 direct
jobs in the sector (including cutting
and processing of rocks).
CUTTING AND PROCESSING OF ROCKS
• QUARTZO
 A BOOMING MARKET
• It is a booming market, which also
causes that these new mining
projects will look like an alternative
livelihood in deprived areas.
 AMAZING STONES
• APACHE TEA
DOLOMITE
 7,000 MINES

• There are over 7,000 producing

mines and more each year.
Mining has had a significant
impact on the development of
many countries (including some
who today have no mining
industry).
SCARY OKUTAMA MINE
CRACOVIA SALT MINE
THE METHODS
OF
EXPLOITATION
 TWO METHODS
The methods of
exploitation may be:
•Open sky
• Underground sky.
 OPEN SKY
• Open-pit mining, open-cut mining or opencast
mining is a surface mining technique of
extracting rock or minerals from the earth.
 MINERALS OR ROCKS NEAR THE
SURFACE
• This form of mining differs from extractive
methods that require tunneling into the earth.
• Open-pit mines are used when deposits of
commercially useful minerals or rocks are
found near the surface; that is, where the
overburden (surface material covering the
valuable deposit) is relatively thin or the
material of interest is structurally unsuitable
for tunneling
 UNDERGROUND SKY.
• It refers to various underground mining
techniques used to excavate hard minerals,
mainly those containing metals such as gold,
silver, iron, copper, zinc, nickel, tin and lead.
 THE MINING PROCESS

• The mining process involves

different steps that are carried
out to develop a mining
project , within these stages
are:
 STEPS TO DEVELOP A MINING
PROJECT
• Search and resource estimation:
• feasibility
• detailed engineering
• Construction: mine development
• Operation: start and material handling
• Processing and
• Marketing.