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Transition-Metal Ions
The relationship between the electron
configurations of transition metal elements and
their ions is complex.
e.g: Cobalt -two oxidation number
Co2+
Co3+
The electron configuration of a neutral cobalt
atom
Co : [Ar] 4s2 3d7
The discussion of the relative energies of the atomic
orbitals suggests that the 4s orbital has a lower energy
than the 3d orbitals.
F- OH- H-
CO32-
Cl- [CH3O]- C6H5-
[CNO]-
Br- CN- C5H5-
[NO3]-
I- HSO3- [NO2]- N3-
N3-
O2- O2- [SO3]-
[NH2]-
O22-
Neutral ligands Cationic ligands-
+ve charge
H2 O
NH3
CO NH2NH3+
NO
C2 H 4
CH3NH2
2HNCH2CH2NH2
py
phen
bipy
PPh3
-Monodentate ligands -Lewis bases that donate a
single pair ("mono") of electrons to a metal atom
and occupy only one coordination site.
-Monodentate ligands can be either ions (usually
anions) or neutral molecules.
e.g:
-Bidentate ligands are Lewis bases that
donate two pairs ("bi") of electrons to a
metal atom and occupy two coordination
sites
e.g:
Polydentate ligands (also called
multidentate ligands) have more than one
point of attachment to the metal center
and occupy more than one coordination
site.
e.g:
Oxidation State -Possitive Complex
[Mn(H2O)6]Cl2
[Mn(H2O)6]2+ 2Cl-
2 K+ [ PtCl4]2-
Writing : Pt2+
Platinate(II)
Charge and Oxidation State
Charge of the complex is the sum charges on
the central metal and ligands
e.g:
[Cu(NH3)4]2+
[Cr(H2O)4Cl2]
+ve – positive complex
0 – neutral complex
CN=4
Cu(2,4,6-Ph3C6H2)
CN= 2
Also rare geometry – Linear
e.g: [ Ag(NH3)2 ]+ , [Hg(CN)2] , [CuCl2]-
with d0
Linear complex
CN=3
First row transition metal ions
e.g: 3 different geometries
e.g:
Triphenylphosphine – PPh3
Di(trimethylsily)amide –
N(SiMe3)2
e.g: Complexes
trigonal bipyramid
square antiprism
Structure
dodecahedron
CN=9