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PLASTICS
WHAT ARE CFRP?
• Fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP), also Fibre-reinforced plastic, is
a composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced
with fibres.
FIBER
GLASS WOOD
CARBON ARAMID ASBESTOS
Fibres in z-direction
BRAIDING
MANUFACTURING OF CFRP
AUTOCLAVE MOLDING
• Individual sheets of prepreg material are laid-up and placed in open mold.
• Material is covered with release film, bleeder/breather material and
vacuum bag.
• A vacuum is pulled on part and the entire mould is placed into an
autoclave (heated pressure vessel). The part is cured with a continuous
vacuum to extract entrapped gasses from laminate.
• This process, however, make the fabrication costs expensive due to costly
autoclave system and cold storage of prepreg .
MANUFACTURING OF CFRP…
VACUUM ASSISTED RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING
•VaRTM is an alternative method to autoclave moulding available at a
lower cost.
•In VaRTM, dry carbon fibers or cloth are mounted on a mold and sealed
by a flexible vacuum bag.
•Resin is then drawn into the dry preform by a vacuum pump and cured
under atmospheric pressure.
•VaRTM has the potential to reduce fabrication costs, as it requires no
expensive prepregs or autoclave systems .
•Allows precise tolerances and detailed shaping but can sometimes fail
to fully saturate the fabric leading to weak spots in the final shape.
MANUFACTURING OF CFRP…
Fig:SLI technique
Variation of fibre volume content
• An additional characteristic of the SLI method is the possibility to
directly influence the fibre content by means of the process
parameters.
• If the autoclave pressure is adjusted same as the inner resin
pressure, the fibre preform can relax in the thickness direction and
can support the impregnation due to greater permeability.
• If the fibre preform is completely impregnated, the autoclave
pressing on the fibre material can be increased by reducing the
injection pressure until the desired fibre volume content of typically
60% is reached.
Fig: Overall Carbon di oxide emmisions for life of 10 years of conventional vehicle and aircraft
Carbon Composite (CFRP) Friction Bearings
Friction bearings commonly use
lubricating oil to separate the moving
component from the mated non-
moving bearing surface. Friction bearing
surfaces commonly consist of a material
that is softer than the supported
component