Cognitivism

-is a learning theory which deals with, in particular,

how people perceive and remember information,
solve problems and ultimately learn.
- the term cognition refers to all processes by
which sensory input is transformed, reduced,
elaborate, stored, recovered and used.
- focus on the thinking domain.
Jean Piaget Theories that there are four stages of
Cognitive Development

 1. Sensor motor stage

- This stage typically last till a child’s about 2 years old.
- Explore through his senses.
- They can think about aspects of the environment, even
though these may be outside the reach of the child's
senses.
The final 3 stages are operational stage

2. Preoperational stage
- Occurs when a child begins and continues to develop
language and thinking skills.
- From age 2 until age 7.
3. Concrete operational stage.
- Usually occurs between the age at seven and twelve.
- Develop logical thinking.
4. Formal operational stage
- Begins around age 12 throughout our adult lives.
- Develop both logical and abstract thinking.
During each stage we gain life experience & increase our
knowledge through them.

Cognitive Development in the classroom ( Jean Piaget )

• Teachers should carefully assess the current stage of a
child cognitive development and only assign tasks for
which the child prepared.
• Teachers must provide children with learning
opportunities that enable them to advance through each
development stage.
• Teachers should be concerned with the process of
learning rather than the end product.
• Children should be encourage learning from each other.
Example of Cognitive Games in the classroom

 Educational websites and Computer games

- Spelling City
- ABCmass.com
 Sorting Games
 Flash Cards
 Boardgames
 Puzzles
Information Processing
-information processing is an approach to the goal of
understanding human thinking in relation to how they process
the same kind of information as computers (Shannon &
Weaver, 1963)

Sensory memory
- Sensory memory represents the initial stage of stimuli
perception. It is associated with the senses, and there seems
to be a separate section for each type of sensual perception,
each with its own limitations and devices. Obviously, stimuli
that are not sensed cannot be further processed and will
never become part of the memory store.
Short-term or working memory.
-The second stage of information processing is the working
or short-term memory. This stage is often viewed as active
or conscious memory because it is the part of memory that
is being actively processed while new information is being
taken in.

Long-term memory
-As discussed with short-term memory, long-term memory
houses all previous perceptions, knowledge, and
information learned by an individual, but it is not a static
file system that is used only for information retrieval.
Organizations of long-term memory.

Today cognitive psychologists believe that there

are at least different types of information
stored in long-term memory.
That’s all….

Reporter:
April A. Apawan
Karen Guimalan