ANALOG AND DIGITAL

 Center frequency of operation

 Bandwidth
 Insertion loss (for 360° phase shift)
 VSWR or return loss
 Switching time (for digital operation) or time
required for 360° phase change (for analog
operation)
 Switching power or energy (for digital operation)
or dc holding power (for analog operation)
 Phase error
 Power-handling capability(peak and average)
They are broadly divided into:

 Ferrite Phase Shifters

 Semiconductor Phase Shifters
 Ferrite Phase
Waveguide Shifters Planar/MIC

Non Reciprocal Non Reciprocal

Reciprocal Reciprocal

• Twin-toroid • Dual mode • Toroidal • Stripline

latching in latching
• Toroidal • Faraday stripline
rotation • Slow-wave • Microstrip
• Helical structure in meander
line
•Circular stripline
toroid • Microstrip
in circular meander
waveguide line
• Toroidal co-
planar
waveguide
 Semiconductor
Phase Shifters
Planar/hybrid MIC Monolithic

Reciprocal Non Reciprocal Non

reciprocal reciprocal

P-I-N GaAs GaAs FET GaAs FET GaAs FET

diode FET (active (passive) (active
(Passive) switch) switch)

• Switched line •Switched • Switched •Switched

• Hybrid path line/loaded path
coupled line DGFET
• Loaded line • Hybrid
• High-pass coupled
low- • High-pass
pass low
• Switched -pass
network
 FERRITE PHASE SEMICONDUCTOR
SHIFTERS PHASE SHIFTERS
Twin- Dual-Mode PIN GaAs
Toroid (S-V Bands) Diode FET
(S-V (L-Ku (L-V
Bands) Bands) Bands)
Geometry Waveguide Waveguide Hybrid MIC Monolithic
Reciprocal/ Non Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal
Non reciprocal
reciprocal
Bandwidth 5% - 30% 5% - 10% 10% - 20% Octave
Insertion 0.5-1.0-1.6 0.5-0.9-1.5 0.5-2 5-12
loss(dB) (S-Ka-V) (S-Ka-V) (L-Ku)
Switching 1-1-5 20-30-150 <1 0.001
time(µs) (V-Ka-S) (V-Ka-S)
Switching 25-30- 100-150- 0.1-5 W Negligible
power/energ 150µJ 1000µJ
 FERRITE PHASE SEMICONDUCTOR
SHIFTERS PHASE SHIFTERS
Twin- Dual- PIN Diode GaAs FET
Toroid Mode (L-Ku (L-V
(S-V (S-V Bands) Bands)
Bands) Bands)
Peak Power 1-100 kW 1-40 kW kW (pulse W
(Ka-S) (Ka-S) width
dependent)
Average 1 kW 500 W W mW
Power (S- band) (S- Band)
Temperature 0.5º-3º 0.5º-3º Negligible --
Sensitivity /ºC /ºC
Typical Typical
Insertion Usually Usually Not Not
phase required required necessary necessary
trimming for
10%
tolerance
 Analog Phase
Shifters

Ferrite
Semiconductor

Reciprocal Non Reciprocal

Reciprocal reciprocal

Varactor GaAs FET Varactor

Diode (variable gain Diode
amplifier)
• Reggia Spencer

• Rotary Field
•Hybrid •DGFET •Hybrid
coupled circuit coupled
using vector
summation