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x2 + 6x + 9 = (x + 3)( x + 3)
Diferencia de cuadrados perfectos
u2 – v2 = (u -v)(u +v)
Ejemplo:
64x2y4 – 169 a6b4 = ( 8xy2)2 -(13a3b2 )2 =
( 8xy2 –13a3b2 )( 8xy2 +13a3b2 )
Trinomio cuadrado perfecto por adición y sustracción.
a4 + a2b2 +b4 a4 + a2 b2 +b4
a2 b2 -a2 b2
a4 +2 a2 b2 +b4 –a2 b2
(a2 +b2 )2 - (ab)2 = (a2 + b2 -ab) (a2 b2 + ab)
12 12
12 x 1612 x 9 12 x 16 12 x 9 3x 44 x 3
43 4 3
Casos especiales x2 - 4ax + 4ay-y2
x2 – y2- 4a(x-y)
(x-y) (x +y)- 4a(x-y)
(x -y)(x +y-4a)
10
(x2 +2xy)(m +n) + y2 (m +n)
(m +n)(x2 +2xy +y2 ) = (m +n)(x +y)2
11. x2 (a +b +c)- y2 (a +b +c)
(a +b +c)(x2 –y2 ) = (a +b +c)(x +y)(x -y)
12.
(x +y -1)(x2 +1) +(x2 +1)(x +y +1)
(x2 +1)(x +y-1+ x+ y +1)
(x2 +1) (2x +2y) = 2(x2 +1) (x +y)
13. x4 + x2 +1
-1) + x
2
x4 –x + x2 +x +1 =x (x3 x 1
f .c
luego en la diferencia de cubos por productos notables
tenemos:
x( x 1)( x 2 x 1) ( x 2 x 1)
x 2
x 1 ( x 2 x 1)
x4 - 7x3 + 14x2 - 7x + 1
1 1 2 2 1 1
x ( x 7 x 14 7 2 ) x x 2 7 x 14
2 2
x x x x
Haciendo un c.v.: 1
u (x )
x
elevando al cuadrado
1 1
u ( x 2 2)
2 2
u 2 (x 2 )
2 2
x x
x2[u2 -2 -7u +14] = x2(u2-7u+12) =x2 (u - 3)(u - 4)}
1 1
x x 3 x 4
2
x x
x x x
3 3 1 2 1 1
x x 3 5 x 2 4 x 11
x x x
1 23
u (x )
3
2 1 1
u 2 ( x 2 2 2) u 2 2 ( x 2 2 )
x x x
1 1 1 1
u x 3x 3x 2 3
3 3 2
u ( x 3 ) 3( x 2 )
3 3 2
x x x x
1
u 3u ( x 3 )
3 3
x
x3 [ (u3-3u) + 5(u2-2) - 4(u) + 11],
x3 [ (u3-3u) + 5(u2-2) - 4(u) + 11],
1
u (x )
x3 [u3 + 5u2 - 7u + 1] x
3 2 1 6 x 2 x 1
x x 2 2 6 x 1
x x x
x 4 6 x 3 x 2 6 x 1 x 2 x 1
x
3
2
x x
x 4
6 x3 x 2 6 x 1 x 2 x 1
16. x6 - 2x5 + 3x4 - 13x3 + 3x2 - 2x + 1
3 1 1 1
x x 2 x 3 x 13 3 2 2 3
3 2
x x x
3 1 2 1 1
x x 3 2 x 2 3 x 13
3
x x x
1 1 2 1
u x u 2 x2 2 2 u 2 x 2
2
x x x
3 2 1 1 1 3 1 1
u x 3x 3x 2 3
3
u x 3 3 x
3
x x x x x
3 1
x 3 u 3u
3
x
x3 [(u3- 3u) –2(u2 -2) +3u - 13] =
x3 (u3 –2u2 -9)
x3 [(u3- 3u) –2(u2 -2) +3u - 13] =
x3 (u3 –2u2 -9)
x3( u -3)( u2 +u +3)
1 1 2 1 1
u x x x 3 x 2 2 x 3
3
x x x x
2 1
u x 2 2
2
x x 2
3 x 1 x 4
x 3
5 x 2
x 1
3
x
2
x x
( x2 –3x +1)( x4 + x3 +5x2 +x +1)
x4 + 3x3 - 2 x2 + 3x + 1
2 1 1
x x 3x 2 3 2
2
x x
2 1 1
x x 2 3 x 2
2
x x
1 1
u (x ) u 2 (x 2 )
2 2
x x
x2(u2 –2 +3u-2) =x2 (u2 +3u -4) = x2 (u +4)(u-1)
1 1
2
x x 4 x 1
x x
1 x
2 2
x 1 4 x x
x
2
x 2 4 x 1 x 2 x 1
x x
10x2 + 17xy + 3y2 - 14y -31x + 15
2x -9y
2xy 3y -5y -5 -25x
15xy
17xy -14y
5x y -3 -6x
-31x
(2x+3y-5)( 5x +y -3 )
3x2 - 5xy + 2y2 + y - 2x - 1
3x -3xy -2y 2y 1 x
-2xy -y
-5xy y
x -y -1 -3x
-2x