Cognitive Psychotherapy

Major goals:
1. To learn the basic concepts of different
theories and practices of cognitive
psychotherapy.
2. To observe master therapists in practice.
3. To ask questions about advanced
practice.
4. To present your own cases for
consultation.
 The CBE Interaction
Behaviour

Emotion
Cognition
 Cognitive Processes
(J.S. Beck, 1995)
1. All-or-nothing (dichotomous)
thinking
2. Catastrophizing
3. Discounting the positive
4. Emotional reasoning
5. Labeling
6. Magnification/Minimization
 Cognitive Processes
(Continued)
7. Mental filter
8. Mind reading
9. Overgeneralization
10. Personalization
11. Using imperative statements
12. Tunnel vision
 Major Issues in Depression
1. Sense of Loss
2. Negative View of the Self
3. Negative View of the
Future
4. Negative View of the Word
 Symptoms of Depression
Emotional Manifestations
1. Dejected Mood
2. Negative Feelings Toward Self
3. Reduction in Gratification
4. Loss of Emotional Attachments
5. Crying Spells
6. Loss of “mirth” response
7. Anger
 Symptoms (Continued)
Behavioural Manifestations
1. Lowered Activity Levels
2. Withdrawal from Positive
Activities
3. Impaired Coping with Problems
4. Indecisiveness
 Symptoms (Continued)
Cognitive Manifestations
1. Low Self-Evaluations
2. Negative Expectations
3. Self-Blame and Self-Criticism
4. Distortion of Body Image
5. Guilt
6. Poor Concentration and Memory
 Symptoms (Continued)
Motivational Manifestations
1. Paralysis of the Will
2. Avoidance, escapist and
Withdrawal Wishes
3. Suicidal Wishes
4. Increased Dependency
 Symptoms (Continued)
Vegetative and Physical Manifestations
1. Loss of Appetite
2. Sleep Disturbance
3. Loss of “Libido” (sexual desire)
4. Fatigability
5. Rumination
 Symptoms (Continued)
Delusions
1. Personal Worthlessness
2. Crime and Punishment
3. Nihilistic Delusions
4. Somatic Delusions
5. Poverty Delusions
Hallucinations
 Major Issues In Anger
Sense of Being Disrespected or Denigrated
– Similar to Resentment but stronger
1. Righteous Anger (seen as positive)
2. Constructive Anger (seen as
Empowering)
3. Malevolent Anger (Seen as Harmful)
4. Selfish Anger (Seen as Aggrandizing)
5. Behind Anger is Often Hurt
 Anger Cognitions
1.”How dare he do that to me!”
2. “She had no right to…”
3. “He’s a complete jerk who
should be punished!”
4. “She always does that to me!”
5. “He has no right to be that rude!”
 Anger Processing and Structures
Cognitive Processes
1. Faulty Primary and Secondary Appraisal Errors
2. Dichotomous Thinking
3. Overgeneralization
4. Imperative Statements
5. Labeling
Cognitive Structures
1. Rejection
2. Punitiveness
 Treatment of Anger
A Buddhist Perspective
1. Take responsibility for your anger. Not
easy because angry individuals tend to
be externalizers
2. Become aware that anger is a result of
our frustrated desires
3. Understand the dynamics of anger – it
reduces our sense of danger,
helplessness and humiliation.
 Treatment (Continued)
4. Ask the client to reflect on his anger as it
arises
1. “What did I want that I wasn’t getting?
2. “What was I getting that I didn’t want?
5. Client decision – The commitment not to
act out anger, not to repress it, but to
become aware of it and reflect upon it.
6. The client gradually turns his mind to
alternatives to anger
 Cognitive Structures
(Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003)

Domain 1: Disconnection and Rejection

1. Abandonment/Instability.
2. Mistrust/Abuse
3. Emotional Deprivation
a. Deprivation of Nurturance
b. Deprivation of Empathy
c. Deprivation of Protection
4. Defectiveness/Shame
5. Social Isolation/Alienation
Domain 2: Impaired Autonomy and
Performance
6. Dependence/Incompetence
7. Vulnerability to Harm or Illness
8. Enmeshment/Undeveloped Self
9. Failure
Domain 3: Impaired Limits
10. Entitlement/Grandiosity
11. Insufficient Self-Control/ Self-Discipline
 Domain 4: Other Directedness
12. Subjugation
a. Subjugation of needs
b. Subjugation of emotions
13. Self-Sacrifice
14. Approval-seeking/Recognition-
Seeking
 Domain 5: Overvigilence and
Inhibition
15. Negativity/Pessimism
16. Emotional Inhibition
17. Unrelenting
Standards/Hypercriticalness
18. Punitiveness
Borderline