Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction

EXPOSURE AND
VULNERABILITY
VULNERABILITY
It is the characteristics and circumstances of
a community, system or asset that make it
susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard.
FOUR TYPES OF VULNERABILITY

PHYSICAL VULNERABILITY

It may be determined by aspects such as population

density levels, remoteness of a settlement, the site design
and materials used for critical infrastructure and for
housing United Nations International Strategy for Disaster
Reduction (UNISDR)
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY

Refers to the inability of people, organization and societies

to withstand adverse impacts to hazards due to
characteristics inherent in social interactions, institutions,
and system of cultural values.
ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY

The level of vulnerability is highly dependent upon the

economics status of individuals, communities and nations.
The poor are usually vulnerable to disasters because they
lack the resources to build sturdy structure and put other
engineering measures in place to protect themselves from
being negatively impact by disaster.
ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY

Natural resources depletion and resource degradation are

key aspects of environmental vulnerability.
 ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARD

EXPOSURE refers to the element at risk from a

natural or man-made hazard event.
• Human beings
• Dwellings or households and communities
• Building structures
• Public facilities and infrastructure assets
• Public transport system
• Agricultural commodities
• Environmental assets
QUANTIFYING VULNERABILITY

• It is used in estimating how much mitigation

and preparedness measures will be applied.
• Based on data about the interesting of the
previous hazard events and severity of their
effects.
• It can be expressed as:
0- lowest degree
1- highest degree
People: ratio of casualties/ injured to the total
population
TRIAGRAM OF DISATER RISK

Earthquake
Tsunami Engineering
Floods Economic
Cyclones Social
Landslides
volcanoes

EXPOSURE RISK = Hazard X Exposure X Vulnerability

Engineering Economic Social Capacity
PHILIPPINE EXPOSURE & VULNERABILITIES
TO NATURAL DISASTER

• There are 8 cities in the Philippines exposed to

natural hazards.
• Study also found that of the 100 cities with
greatest exposure to natural hazard, 21 in the
Philippines, 16 in China, 11 in Japan and 8 in
Bangladesh.
10 WORLD CITIES MOST AT RISK

1. PORT VILLA IN VANATU

2. TUGUEGARAO IN CAGAYAN
3. LUCENA IN QUEZON
4. MANILA
5. SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA
6. CABANATUAN IN NUEVA ECIJA
7. BATANGAS
8. TAIPEI
9. SAN CARLOS, PANGASINAN
10. NAGA IN CAMARINES SUR
 PHILIPPINE VULNERABILITY TO NATURAL DISASTER

• The Philippines lies in the Pacific typhoon belt and we are

visited by an average of 20 typhoons every year.
• The rugged nature of our landscape makes our communities
very vulnerable to landslides, mudflows and other disasters.
• The Philippines is an archipelagic country, having many areas
are vulnerable to storm surges.
• The Philippines is considered “high risk” in terms of the
country’s ability to manage and migrate the impacts of natural
hazard and in part to ‘entrenched corruption and high levels of
poverty.’