CYTOKINES

Table 1 - FEATURES OF CYTOKINES

Cytokine Cell Source Cell Target Primary Effects
Monocytes
Macrophages
T cells; B cells Costimulatory molecule
Fibroblasts
Endothelial cells Activation (inflammation)
IL-1 Epithelial cells
Hypothalamus Fever
Endothelial
Liver Acute phase reactants
cells
Astrocytes
T cells; NK cells T cells Growth
IL-2 B cells Growth
Monocytes Activation
Bone marrow
IL-3 T cells Growth and differentiation
progenitors
 Naive T cells Differentiation into a TH 2 cell
T cells Growth
IL-4 T cells
B cells Activation and growth; Isotype
switching to IgE
B cells
IL-5 T cells Growth and activation
Eosinophils
T cells; T cells; B cells Costimulatory molecule
IL-6 Macrophages; Mature B cells Growth (in humans)
Fibroblasts Liver Acute phase reactants
Macrophages;
IL-
Epithelial cells; Neutrophils Activation and chemotaxis
8 family
Platelets
Macrophages Inhibits APC activity
IL-10 T cells (TH2)
T cells Inhibits cytokine production
 Macrophages; NK Differentiation into a TH 1
IL-12 Naive T cells
cells cell
Monocytes Activation
Endothelial cells Activation
IFN-
T cells; NK cells Many tissue cells Increased class I and II
gamma
- especially MHC
macrophages
Inhibits activation and
T cells; T cells
TGF-beta growth
Macrophages Macrophages
Inhibits activation
 T cells;
GM- Macrophages; Bone marrow
Growth and differentiation
CSF Endothelial cells, progenitors
Fibroblasts
TNF- Macrophages; T
Similar to IL-1 Similar to IL-1
alpha cells
IL = interleukin GM-CSF = granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating
factor
IFN = interferon TNF = tumor necrosis factor
TGF = transforming growth factor