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Natural Language Processing
It reduces a larger text into a shorter, yet richly constituted an abbreviated narrative
representation of the original document. It extracts keywords or key-phrases from a
large piece of writing. It creates an abstract of an entire article. Information overload is
a real problem when we need to access a specific, important piece of information from
a vast knowledge dataset. Automatic summarization is important not only for
summarizing the meaning of documents and information but also to understanding the
emotional meanings inside the data, like in collecting information or data from social
websites. Automatic summarization mainly useful when used to provide a summary of
a news item or blog posts by avoiding repetition from multiple websites and
maximizing the dissimilarities of content that obtained.
E) Speech Processing
G) Information Extraction
Apart from the above application, there are some other fields where Natural
Language Processing is used which are as follows,
•Politics
•E-governance
•Bio-Medical
•Forensic Science
•Business Development
•Marketing
•Advertisement
•Education
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Architecture of Natural Language Processing
The input to the Natural Language Processing system could be speech or text. It
could also be a gesture (multimodal input or perhaps a Sign Language).
The lexicon of a language is its vocabulary which includes its words and expressions.
The Morphology depicts analysing, identifying and description of a structure of words.
The lexical analysis involves dividing a text into paragraphs, words and the sentences
Syntactic Analysis
Syntax focuses on the proper ordering of words and its effect on meaning. This
focuses on the analysis of the words in a sentence to depict the grammatical structure
of the sentence. The words are transformed into a structure that shows how the
words are related to each other. Example, “the boys the go to the school”. This
sentence would be rejected by the English syntactic analyser.
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Semantic Analysis
Semantics focus on the meaning of words, sentences and phrases. This abstracts the
dictionary meaning or the exact meaning from context. The structures which are
created by the syntactic analyser are assigned meaning Example, “colourful blue idea”.
This sentence would be rejected by the analyser as colourful blue do not make any
sense together.
Discourse Integration
It finds out the sense of the context. The meaning of any single sentence depends upon
the sentences that precede it and also invokes the meaning of the phrases that follow
it. Example the word “it” in the sentence “she wanted it” depends upon the prior
discourse context
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Pragmatic Analysis
Pragmatics concerns the overall communicative and social context and its effect on
interpretation. It means abstracting or deriving the purposeful use of the language
in situations, importantly those aspects of language which require world knowledge.
The main focus is on what was said is reinterpreted on what it means.
•E.g. “close the window?” should have been interpreted as a request rather than an
order
Natural language toolkit i.e., NLTK is one of the most popular libraries for natural
language processing (Natural Language Processing) and very easy to learn. It has
been written in Python and has a big community behind it.
Email : info@learntek.org