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Emilio Jacinto was a Filipino revolutionary leader who played a key role in the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the closest advisors to Andres Bonifacio and helped draft the Katipunan code of ethics. As editor of the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan, Jacinto helped grow the organization's membership. He led Northern Forces in battles against the Spanish and was eventually wounded and captured, though he later escaped. Jacinto died of malaria at the young age of 23, but not before making major contributions to the revolutionary cause.
Emilio Jacinto was a Filipino revolutionary leader who played a key role in the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the closest advisors to Andres Bonifacio and helped draft the Katipunan code of ethics. As editor of the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan, Jacinto helped grow the organization's membership. He led Northern Forces in battles against the Spanish and was eventually wounded and captured, though he later escaped. Jacinto died of malaria at the young age of 23, but not before making major contributions to the revolutionary cause.
Emilio Jacinto was a Filipino revolutionary leader who played a key role in the Philippine Revolution. He was one of the closest advisors to Andres Bonifacio and helped draft the Katipunan code of ethics. As editor of the Katipunan newspaper Kalayaan, Jacinto helped grow the organization's membership. He led Northern Forces in battles against the Spanish and was eventually wounded and captured, though he later escaped. Jacinto died of malaria at the young age of 23, but not before making major contributions to the revolutionary cause.
December 15, 1875, Emilio Jacinto was born in Trozo, Manila. Even as children, Emilio Jacinto and Andres Bonifacio were close as he was nursed by Andres Bonifacio’s mother. At a young age Emilio Jacinto learned to speak Spanish but this did not hinder his fluency in the Filipino Language. Due to poverty, he was often dressed in used clothing which were not taken out of hock, making him the subject of many jokes. Despite his poverty, he was well educated. Jacinto finished primary education in a private school and obtained a bachelor of arts in Colegio de San Juan de Letran. The Mind that Guided the Revolution He was studying law in the University of Santo Tomas in 1894 when he joined the Katipunan at the age of 19. He took the alias of ‘Pingkian’, which means ‘to strike’ (like you do with a bolo). He became Bonifacio’s closest advisor, and oversaw the financial affairs of the Katipunan. When Bonifacio and him drafted separate moral codes which would guide the actions of the revolutionaries, Bonifacio acknowledged Jacinto’s intellect and chose the younger jacinto’s draft for publication in the Kartilya. The code of conduct showed that a good heart, and love are needed in order to relieve the suffering of the Filipino people; the true meaning of freedom. Kartilya ng Katipunan (Katipunan Code of Ethics) 1. Ang kabuhayang hindi ginugugol sa isang malaki at banal na kadahilanan ay kahoy na walang lilim, kundi man damong makamandag. 2. Ang gawang magaling na nagbubuhat sa pagpipita sa sarili at hindi sa talagang nasang gumawa ng kagalingan, ay di kabaitan. 3. Ang tunay na kabanalan ay ang pagkakawang-gawa, ang pag-ibig sa kapwa at ang isukat ang bawat kilos, gawa’t pangungusap sa talagang Katuwiran. 4. Maitim man o maputi ang kulay ng balat, lahat ng tao’y magkakapantay; mangyayaring ang isa’y higtan sa dunong, sa yaman, sa ganda; ngunit di mahihigtan sa pagkatao. 5. Ang may mataas na kalooban, inuuna ang puri kaysa pagpipita sa sarili; ang may hamak na kalooban, inuuna ang pagpipita sa sarili kaysa puri. 6. Sa taong may hiya, salita’y panunumpa 7. Huwag mong sayangin ang panahon; ang yamang nawala’y mangyayaring magbalik; ngunit panahong nagdaan na’y di na muli pang magdadaan. 8. Ipagtanggol mo ang inaapi at kabakahin ang umaapi. 9. Ang taong matalino’y ang may pag-iingat sa bawat sasabihin; at matutong ipaglihim ang dapat ipaglihim. 10. Sa daang matinik ng kabuhayan, lalaki ay siyang patnugot ng asawa’t at mga anak; kung ang umaakay ay tungo sa sama, ang patutunguhan ng inaakay ay kasamaan din. 11. Ang babae ay huwag mong tingnang isang bagay na libangan lamang, kundi isang katuwang at karamay sa mga kahirapan nitong kabuhayan; gamitin mo nang buong pagpipitagan ang kanyang kahinaan at alalahanin ang inang pinagbuhata’t nag- iwi sa iyong kasanggulan. 12. Ang di mo ibig gawin sa asawa mo, anak at kapatid, ay huwag mong gagawin sa asawa, anak at kapatid ng iba. 13. Ang kamahalan ng tao’y wala sa pagkahari, wala sa tangos ng ilong at puti ng mukha, wala sa pagka-paring kahalili ng Diyos, wala sa mataas na kalagayan sa balat ng lupa: wagas at tunay na mahal na tao, kahit laking-gubat at walang nababatid kundi sariling wika; yaong may magandang asal, may isang pangungusap, may dangal at puri; yaong di napaaapi’t di nakikiapi; yaong marunong magdamdam at marunong lumingap sa bayang tinubuan. 14. Paglaganap ng mga aral na ito at maningning na sumikat ang araw ng mahal na Kalayaan dito sa kaaba-abang Sangkapuluan at sabugan ng matamis niyang liwanag ang nangagkaisang magkalahi’t magkakapatid ng ligayang walang katapusan, ang mga ginugol na buhay, pagod, at mga tiniis na kahirapa’y labis nang natumbasan. 1896 Katipunan seal of (Punong Hukbo) Commander Emilio Jacinto Kalayaan Jacinto became the editor of Kalayaan, the Katipunan’s newspaper. After the first publication, the membership of the Katipunan rose from 300 to 3,000 members! The effectiveness of the Kalayaan is attributable to its use of concepts and colloquialisms familiar to the people. In one article, Jacinto wrote the parable of a beautiful woman appearing before a child in tears. The child asked the woman who she was, and she replied “Because of my desire, the people have united and have foregone their self- interest only to set their sights on the good of all. My name is FREEDOM”. Under the nom de guerre Dimas-Ilaw, Jacinto wrote the narrative “Liwanag at Dilim” (Light and Dark) and the poem “a la Patria”. The Rise of the Katipunan When the revolution broke in 1896, Bonifacio and Jacinto led the siege of Polvorin, San Juan Del Monte. He also disguised himself as a Chinese person in order to help Jose Rizal escape, which the latter declined. Bonifacio, at that time the president of the “Haring Bayan” (Great nation), named Jacinto the commander of the Revolution’s Northern Forces. Despite Bonifacio’s death, in Feb. 1898, Jacinto continued to wage battle in Maimpis, Magdalena, Laguna. He was wounded and caught. In the convent in Magdalena, he was repeatedly thrown of a staircase, and it is believed that his blood stains the wooden staircase to this day. He tricked his captors and was able to escape. Following these events, the historian Augusto de Viana wrote that Jacinto became a beef vendor, and the Bantanguenyo general, Migule Malvar was one of his beef suppliers. He died of malaria at age 23 on April 16, 1899 in Santa Cruz, laguna. He may have also left a pregnant lover, Catalina De Jesus. Though he was young, Pingkian played a gigantic role guiding the revolution and founding the Filipino Nation.