Composition:

Volkanik
Rhyolite, andesite,
(Berbutir Halus)
trachyte, basalt
Igneus
Plutonik
(Berbutir Kasar)
 Lower Palaezoic (550-420 Mya)
(Jerai Formation)
Quartz porphyry in
the south

Finer grain of quartz

porphyry with more
homogeneous matrix
EPISODE 1

Quartz porphyry –
foliated and
(Baling Group) Rhyolitic tuff- sheared
rhyodacite associated with
metaquartzite, shale and Tuff with more
limestone of Baling Group rounded and
coarser quartz grain

Volcanic rocks
associated with
metasediments

Rhyolitic tuff –foliated

in Howthondern Schist
& Dinding Schist
 Upper Palaezoic-Lower Mesozoic (350-245 Mya)
(Kelantan & Terengganu)
• Northern extension
from the volcanic series
Rhyolitic tuff –
interlaminated in Pahang –Nearby
with shale
Stong magmatite
Medium to • Consist of volcanic lava,
coarse-grained tuff, and agglomerate of
EPISODE 2

rhyolitic tuff
andesitic-rhyolitic in
composition, normally
Intermediate tuff –
agglomeratic tuff interbedded with
(Central Belt) Carboniferous- sedimentary rocks
Medium to coarse-grained Triassic in age, interbedded • Volcanic lava:
intermediate tuff mainly with shale • Andesite – Kuala Krai
and Boundary Range
(Central Pahang)
Consist of mainly pyroclastic (eastern part)
(Johor) 4 main types: rocks together with lava of • Rhyolite – western
i. Andesite – bearing pillow structure, found as rhyolite to andesite Kelantan
xenolith in the intruded granite • Rhyolitic lava – in limited • Dacite & trachyte –
areas their occurrence as for
ii. Dark coloure & massive (not banded) rhyolite –
• Trachytic lava – thin bands, rhyolite
found in limited areas in the southeast Johor, it is dark in colour
overlain by bauxite layer • Pyroclastic rocks –
• Trachytic to andesitic in
iii. Banded porphyritic rhyolite – dark purple to composition – found in interbedded with
brown in colour Raub sedimentary
iv. Banded felsic rhyolite – pink/purple in colour, 1-3 • There are also rhyolitic tuff, rocks/metasediments
cm in thickness trachytic-rhyolitic andesitic
trachytic. Andesitic
Pyroclastic – tuff & agglomeratic tuff, varies in
trachytic-rhyolitic tuff,
composition, can be divided into 2 main types: agglomerate and
i. Ash – more dominant tuffaceous shale and
ii. Agglomeratic tuff tuffaceous sandstone
EPISODE 3 Middle Triassic-Upper Triassic(220-200 Mya)

In the vicinity of Jerantut –

interbedded andesite with
sedimentary rocks of Middle-
Upper Triassic age
Kerdau, Pahang – Rhyolitic tuff
interbedded with tuffaceous
shale, dasitic tuff and rhyolitic
lava

(Johor & S’pore) – Andesitic

breccia in Jurong Formation of
Middle-Triassic age
EPISODE 4 Jurassic-Cretacous(200-90 Mya)

Gagau Group
• Trachyte found in the lower part
• Lotong Sandstone – associated with rhyolite
flows, dacite, trachyte, andesite and basalt

Limited areas in Pahang & Johor such as in

the Tembeling Group – associated with
volcanic rocks such as tuffaceous
sandstone/siltstone/shale

(South Peninsular – Pahang & Johor) –

Porphyritic rhyodacite can be found in
the lower part of the Tebak Formation
EPISODE 5 Cenozoic(70-20 Mya)

Dolerite in Kuantan – coarser grain size compared

to basalt, no apparent vesicles, and sometime
consist of quartz grain which originated from
granite Younger volcanic activity – the most
common are Kuantan & Segamat basalt
• This basalt – intruded by dolerite and
Segamat – alkali basalt (in quartz porphyry (some of the dykes older
composition) compared to the basalt)

(Basalt – black to greenish-black,

microcrystalline, vesicles, together
with vertical joints as aresult of the
cooling process
 Burma Burma – dominant in tuff Indochina – basalt flow in
The relationship/correlation between

Palaezoic

Cenozoic
Upper Palaezoic-Lower Mesozoic
& agglomerate the south of Vietnam,
•‘Bawdwin Volcanic ‘Mergui Series’ – Cambodia and Laos of
Series’ – Lower agglomerate, fraction of Pliocene, Quaternary &
Palaeozoic – can be pumice, glass, sedimentary Recent of age
correlated to the rocks associated with Thailand – Late Tertiary
occurrence of the rhyolite & porphyritic (Pleistocene) age
volcanic rock in this region
microgranite basaltoverlies Tertiary bed
volcanic rocks in Grik of Pliocene age
The peak of the Upper
& Sg. Siput volcanic activity – Andesite associated with
•BWV – Tuff & ash identified at Mergui Islands basalt, diorite, dyke &
interbedded with Also dominant in quartz porphyry
rhyolite, together agglomerate & greywacke Mostly Upper Tertiary
with breccia and – consist of angular quartz, rocks and Quaternary
quartzite & granite such as located in the western part
quartz porphyry, flow in Singa Formation of Khorat Plateau
structure, quartz as Thailand Suture line is also
phenocrysts, correlated with the Lebir
No record
metamorphosed, and Fault in Peninsular
foliated Indochina
Also reported the
Late Carboniferous- Upper occurrence of diorite and
•Thailand Triassic esp in Vietnam, quartz diorite which is
•Not much known Cambodia & Laos associated with basalt
about the occurrence 2 main criteria: Sumatera – 3 series:
of Palaeozoic More basic to the older Older andesite –
volcanic rocks group, the younger group Palaecone-Miocene,
more dasitic in followed flows &
•Indochina composition deposition rhyolitic tuff
•Meta-andesite in Associated with Flows of acidic &
continental sandstone tuffaceous rock – Late
the south of Vietnam
Basic rocks normally pre- Tertiary in age found in
and in the eastern of Semangko, Ranau and
Permian in age and
Cambodia – foliated Toba, Lampong and Batam
metamorphosed, Volcanic cones active in
Andesite dominant in the
amphibolite facies, northwest of Indochina, Brisan Range
plagioclase as plagioclase & hornblend as Borneo – Kalimantan
phenocrysts phenocryst, matrix consist dominant of extrusive
of andesine hornblend-hypersthene-
•Indonesia andesite of Oligocene-
Souther part of Vietnam –
•No record of andesite with andesine, Miocene age
Paleozoic volcanic augite & biotites as Sarawak – dacite, andesite
phenocrysts and basalt in the north
rock to the south of
Younger group (Permian- western part
Peninsular Malaysia
Upper Triassic age) –
banded dacite flow with
tuff