Outcome of the Revolution

Q. The American constitution

was an outcome of the
revolution. Discuss

Q. Features of American GS Paper-II, Comparison of

constitutions
Constitution.
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Q. Features of American Constitution constitutions

Adopted in 1787 @ Philadelphia Convention

Came into force in 1789

1. Written Constitution

12 Pages
Preamble
7 Articles, 27 Amendments

Separation of Power
Judiciary, Executive,
Legislative
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

1. Written Constitution Separation of Power Judiciary, Executive,

Legislative
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

2. Federal Constitution
Federal republic
Division of Power

Federal govt. State govt.

At Present,50 States( Initially

13)+ District Columbia= 51

Each state has its own constitution,

Elected legislature, Governor & Court
System
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Q. Features of American Constitution constitutions

3. Separation of Powers

Art 1 Legislative powers vested in

Congress

Art 2 Executive powers

vested in President

Art 3 Judicial powers

vested in Supreme court & in
such courts as congress
establishes
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

3. Separation of Powers I will help my BFF

Pakistan by giving
them $5bn aid
Check & Balances
Treaty has to be
confirmed

The Senate ( Legislative)

President( Executive)

Senate Confirms the higher appointments made and international

treaties concluded by the president
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

3. Separation of Powers I will use my Veto

Power
Check & Balances

Passes a Bill

The Congress( Legislative) President( Executive)

President can veto the bills passed by the Congress ( Pocket/Qualified

veto)
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

3. Separation of Powers

Check & Balances

Decides

Supreme Court
The Congress(Legislative) ( Judiciary)

Congress determines the organization & appellate jurisdiction of the

judiciary
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

3. Separation of Powers
Senate Consent दो
Check & Balances

Appoints Judges

Supreme Court ( Judiciary) President( Executive)

President appoints judges with the consent of the senate

 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

3. Separation of Powers
आईला धोका
Check & Balances

Will consider
Ultarvire

Supreme Court ( Judiciary) President( Executive)

Supreme court can declare the congressional laws and presidential

orders as ultra vires Supremacy of Constitution & Judicial Review
 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

4. Bill of Rights
1st constitution in the world to give
bill of rights

No person is to be deprived of life

Added to the original constitution

through first ten (10) amendments

Supreme court acts as protector

of these rights
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

5. Rigid Constitution
1. Amendment can be proposed by 2/3rd
votes of the both houses of the Congress

Need to be ratified by 3/4th (38/50) of states

within 7 years time frame

2. 2/3rd (34/50) of States petition to Congress for amendment

Congress calls for constitutional convention
In constitutional convention 3/4th (38/50) states should ratify

Way too hard to amend, therefore, only 27 amendments

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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

6. Presidential form of Government

1. President Head of the State & Head
of the Government
Chief real executive

Elected for 4 years by electoral college

Cannot be removed by the Congress except for a grave

unconstitutional act

Governs with the help of Cabinet

Cabinet Advisory body & consists of non-elected departmental

secretaries
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

6. Presidential form of Government

Secretaries Selected & appointed by the President
They are responsible to the President & can be
removed by him anytime

The President+ Secretaries not responsible to the

Congress

The President is not the member of Congress nor can

attend its sessions

The President cannot dissolve the lower house( representatives) of

the congress.
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. Powers & Functions of the President

• President Enforce the constitution, law etc.
• Supreme commander of the armed forces
• Formulates foreign policy & conducts foreign affairs
• Can grant pardon, reprieve for offences against
federal laws
• Congress sends the bill to the president for approval
3 Options in front of president
1.Give assent
2.Reject bill & return to congress within 10 days. Congress passes bill
with 2/3rd majority president has to sign. “Qualified Veto”
3.Reserve bill Pocket veto
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. Powers & Functions of the President

• Can send messages to the Congress for legislation

• Can call special sessions of the congress for

consideration of urgent matters

• Prepares the National Budget & submits it to the

Congress for approval
• Can issue executive orders

• Can adjourn the Congress, when issue arises between the two
houses
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. Powers & Functions of the President Executive Office

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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected?

Qualifications criteria
1. Only natural born citizen of the USA allowed to
contest

Minimum age 35 years

Term of office 4 years

Eligible for re-election yes, but for one time
re-election only.
Term generally begins on 20th January
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected?

1. Understanding Parties
Democrats Vs. Republicans
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected?

1. Understanding Process 2015 Spring Candidates announce

their intentions to run
2016 Presidential election will
be held on November 8, 2016

2015 Summer Primary and caucus

debates take place

2016 January to June States and

parties hold primaries and
caucuses
 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

2015 Spring Candidates announce their intentions to run

 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

2016 January to June States and Inner Party Voting, Whom to

parties hold primaries and
caucuses
Caucuses are private meetings run by
political parties
nominate from the party
Candidate must secure minimum
(50%) number of votes to get selected
as party nominee

closed primary open primary

 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

2016 Parties hold nominating conventions

July to early September
to choose their candidates
 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

Democratic Party held nominating
2016 July convention to choose their candidates

A Democratic candidate
must receive 2,383 of the
estimated
4,765 delegates (50%) to
become the party’s nominee
 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

Republican Party held nominating
2016 July convention to choose their candidates

Republican candidate must

receive 1,237 of the estimated
2,472 delegates to win the
party’s nomination
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

2016 July Presidential Candidates selected @ convention

The presidential candidate chooses a running mate the
presidential candidates campaign (vice presidential candidate)

Hillary Clinton- Tim Kaine (VP)

Mike Pence(VP) - Donald Trump
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 1. Understanding Process

2016 September and October Candidates participate

General Election Campaigning
in Presidential debates
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System

2016 20,November Election Dayक़यामत का ददन

 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected?

2016 20,November Election Dayक़यामत का ददन 2. Voting System

Q. Are these people voting for Trump or

Clinton directly?

No. they are voting for the members of

the electoral college.
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System

2016 20,November
The presidential
candidate and the party
will select “Electors” in
each and every state
California
These Electors will make a
California
Electoral College.(538)

Electors( members of the

electoral college) will be
directly elected by the
people
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System

2016 20,November
Electoral College
Strength same as the
Congress

California 538 + 3 votes of District

Columbia= 541
California

If Hillary has to win, then

270 electors has to win on
her behalf
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Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System Role of Big States

2016 November California, Texas, Illinois

etc.
If a candidates secures
50% votes from a state,
than the whole electoral
college is considered
winner
Eg. In California, Hillary
wins 27 seats, than all 55
will be given to Hillary
For target 270, focus on
big states & a candidate
is through
 GS Paper-II, Comparison of
Q. Features of American Constitution world constitutions

Q. How the president is elected? 2. Voting System

2017 Inauguration Day January 20

President-elect and Vice-President-elect are sworn

in and take office