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• It is a multidisciplinary approach
to product and manufacturing
system design.
• It involves application of
electrical, mechanical, control and
computer
engineering to develop products,
processes and systems with
greater flexibility, ease in redesign
and ability of reprogramming.
• It concurrently includes all these
disciplines
Key Elements of Mechatronics Systems
Key Elements of Mechatronics Systems
Evolution of Mechatronics / Levels of Mechatronics
• Primary Level : Integrates electrical signaling with mechanical action
at the basic control level for e.g. fluid valves and relay switches
i) Static characteristics
The set of criteria defined for the instruments, which are changes
rapidly with time, is called ‘dynamic characteristics’. The various static
characteristics are:
i) Speed of response ii) Measuring lag
iii) Fidelity iv) Dynamic error
Speed of response:
It is defined as the rapidity with which a measurement system responds
to changes in the measured quantity.
Measuring lag:
It is the retardation or delay in the response of a measurement system
to changes in the measured quantity. The measuring lags are of two
types: Retardation Type and Time Delay Lag
a) Retardation type:
In this case the response of the measurement system begins immediately after
the
change in measured quantity has occurred.
Fidelity:
It is defined as the degree to which a measurement system indicates changes
in the measured quantity without dynamic
error.
Dynamic error:
It is the difference between the true value of the quantity changing with time
& the value indicated by the measurement system if no static error is assumed.
It is also called measurement error.
Mx System Design Approach
Phases of Mechatronics Design Process
Washing Machine
Digital Camera
Digital Camera
CD Player
Mechanical System Elements
• Spring
• Mass
• Dashpot
Spring
• Spring represent stiffness of a system
•The stiffness of a spring is described by:
F=k.x
• The object applying the force to stretch the spring is also acted on
by a force (Newton’s third law), this force will be in the opposite
direction and equal in size to the force used to stretch the spring
Dashpot
• It is a type of forces when we push an object through a fluid
or move an object against friction forces
c – damping coefficient
Mass
• The acceleration experienced by mass m under the action of
instantaneous force F is given as –
m – mass
Gears
• Gears transmit power / motion between two shafts by meshing without any
slip.
• In any pair of gears, the smaller one is called pinion and the larger one is
called gear immaterial of which is driving the other.
Spur tooth rack and pinion Helical tooth rack and pinion
Bevel Gears
• This is a gear in which the teeth have tapered conical
elements that have the same direction as the pitch cone
base line (generatrix).
• The straight bevel gear is both the simplest to produce and
the most widely applied in the bevel gear family.
Worm Gears
• Worm and worm gear pair consists of a worm, which is very
similar to a screw and a worm gear, which is a helical gear.
• The sliding action prevalent in the system while resulting in
quieter operation produces considerable frictional heat.
The term correctly applies only to systems where the feedback or error-
correction signals help control mechanical position, speed or other
parameters.
Controller Unit
Case study of Coin Counter
Electronic Design:
Photodiode: