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The document discusses the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of if-then statements by defining each, providing examples of turning an if-then statement into its converse, inverse, and contrapositive, and giving practice problems for students to write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of several if-then statements. It also briefly covers inductive and deductive reasoning, defining each type of reasoning and providing examples.
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This presentation tackles about if-then statements.
The document discusses the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of if-then statements by defining each, providing examples of turning an if-then statement into its converse, inverse, and contrapositive, and giving practice problems for students to write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of several if-then statements. It also briefly covers inductive and deductive reasoning, defining each type of reasoning and providing examples.
The document discusses the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of if-then statements by defining each, providing examples of turning an if-then statement into its converse, inverse, and contrapositive, and giving practice problems for students to write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of several if-then statements. It also briefly covers inductive and deductive reasoning, defining each type of reasoning and providing examples.
contrapositive of an If-Then Statement Review: What is the If-Then form of this statement:
A hexagon is a polygon with
six sides. If-Then Form (p →q)
If a polygon is a hexagon, then
it has six sides. Converse (q → p) The converse of a conditional statement is formed by switching the hypothesis and the conclusion of an if-then statement.
Thus, the converse of the statement (p →q), read as
“p implies q,” is the statement denoted as (q →p), read as “q implies p”.
If a polygon has six sides, then it is a
hexagon. Inverse (~p → ~q) The inverse of a conditional statement is formed by replacing the hypothesis and the conclusion with their negations. The inverse of the conditional statement p →q, is the statement denoted as ~p → ~q read as “not p implies not q.”
If a polygon is not a hexagon, then it has no
six sides. Contrapositive (~q → ~p) The contrapositive of a conditional statement is formed when you negate the CONVERSE statement. The contrapositive of the conditional statement p →q, is the statement denoted as (~q → ~p), read as “ not q implies not p”.
If a polygon has no six sides, then it is not a
hexagon. A hexagon is a polygon with six sides. If a polygon is a hexagon, then it has six sides. (if – then) If a polygon has six sides, then it is a hexagon. (Converse) If a polygon is not a hexagon, then it has no six sides.(Inverse) If a polygon has no six sides, then it is not a hexagon. (Contrapositive) Statement If two angles are congruent, then they Try This! have the same measure. Statement If -Then(p → q) If two angles are congruent, then they have the same measure. Converse (q → p) If two angles have the same measure, then they are congruent. Inverse If two angles are not congruent, then (~p → ~q) they have no the same measure. Contrapositive If two angles have no the same (~q → ~p) measure, then they are not congruent. Try This! Statement A rectangle has four right angles.
If -Then(p → q) If a quadrilateral is a rectangle, then
it has four right angles. Converse (q → p) If a quadrilateral has four right angles, the it is a rectangle. Inverse If a quadrilateral is not a rectangle, (~p → ~q) then it has no four right angles. Contrapositive If a quadrilateral has no four right (~q → ~p) angles, the it is not a rectangle. Try This! Statement Three non-collinear points determine a plane. If -Then(p → q) If three points are non-collinear, then they determine a plane. Converse (q → p) If three points determine a plane, then they are non-collinear. Inverse If three points are collinear, then they (~p → ~q) do not determine a plane. Contrapositive If three points do not determine a (~q → ~p) plane, then they are non-collinear. Statement Perpendicular lines are Try This! intersecting lines. If -Then(p → q) If the lines are perpendicular, then they are intersecting lines. Converse (q → p) If the lines are intersecting, then they are perpendicular. Inverse If the lines are not perpendicular, then (~p → ~q) they are not intersecting lines. Contrapositive If the lines are not intersecting, then (~q → ~p) they are not perpendicular. Statement A triangle is a polygon with Try This! three sides. If -Then(p → q) If a polygon is a triangle, then it has three sides. Converse (q → p) If a polygon has three sides, then it is a triangle. Inverse If a polygon is not a triangle, then it (~p → ~q) has no three sides. Contrapositive If a polygon has no three sides, then it (~q → ~p) is not a triangle. Statement If a number is even, then it is divisible Try This! by two. If -Then(p → q) If a number is even, then it is divisible by two. Converse (q → p) If a number is divisible by two, then it is even. Inverse If a number is odd, then it is not (~p → ~q) divisible by two. Contrapositive If a number is not divisible by two, (~q → ~p) then it is odd. Exercises: Write the equivalent converse, inverse and contrapositive of the following statements.
1. Perpendicular lines are intersecting lines.
2. A triangle is a polygon with three sides. 3. If a number is even, then it is divisible by two. INDUCTIVE REASONING Learning Target Define inductive reasoning and state the rule used in the given statements. Inductive Reasoning - Definition Inductive reasoning starts with a specific scenario and makes conclusions about a general population. Exercises 1. Describe a pattern in the sequence of numbers. Predict the next number. a. 1, 4, 16, 64, . . . Describe a pattern in the sequence of numbers. Predict the next number. 2, 6, 18, 54, . . . My math teacher is strict. My previous math teacher was strict. What can you say about all math teachers? 1 × 10 = 10 2 × 10 = 20 3 × 10 = 30 5 × 10 = 50 24 × 10 = 240 2345 × 10 = ______. unlike inductive reasoning, is a valid form of proof. It is, in fact, the way in which geometric proofs are written. Deductive reasoning is the process by which a person makes conclusions based on previously known facts. Deductive reasoning is a type of reasoning which goes from general to specific. Example:
Filipinos are hospitable. Bonifacio is a Filipino.
Base on deductive reasoning, we can conclude that: Therefore, Bonifacio is hospitable. Example: If the points are collinear, then they lie on the same plane. Points R,M,andN are collinear .
Therefore, points R, M and N lie on the same plane.
________________________________. Example: A quadrilateral is a polygon of four sides. Rectangle has 4 sides.
Therefore, a rectangle is a quadrilateral.
Example: Smoking can cause cancer. Tomas is smoking.
Therefore,Tomas may have a cancer.
Example: An angle is acute if its measure is between 0 degree and 90 degrees. Angle B is acute.
Therefore, angle B has a measure between 0 degree and 90 degrees.
________________________________. Exercises: Refer to Activity No 23 Properties of Equality and Congruence Properties of Equality and Congruence Basic Terms in Geometry Point – an exact location in space. A point has no dimension. Line – a collection of points along a straight path that extends endlessly in both directions. Line Segment – a part of a line having two endpoints. Ray – a part of a line having only one endpoint. Angle – consists of two rays that have a common endpoint called the vertex of the angle. Plane – a flat surface that extends endlessly in all directions. Straight Angle – an angle whose measure is 180°. Right Angle – an angle whose measure is 90°. Definitions in Geometry Postulates Refer to pdf