Easement group c

Subject : Histology
Faculty of health sciences
Department: medical laboratory
science
Mogadishu university
 Muscle tissue ?
Muscle tissue : is soft tissue that compose
animal bodies and gives rise to muscule ability
to contract this is opposed to other
compononents or tissues in muscle such as
tendens or primysium its formed during
embryonic development through a process
known as myogenesis
Types of muscle tissue and their
structure
• Skeletal muscle : tissue striated in
structure and voluntory control is
anchored tendons and ligment an average
adult male made up 42% of the body mass
and average adult female made up 36% of
body mass
• Smooth muscle tissue : non striated and
involuntary also found the walls of organs
and structures esophagus stomach uterus
etc
• Cardiac muscle tissue : is striated and
involuntary only found in the heart
 Function skeletal muscle
1. They carry out movement of the body
2. They support the body
3. Assist ligaments in holding bonestogether
Function smooth muscle
tissue
4. It is responsibility for the contractility of
hallow organs such as blood vessels
gastrointestinal tract
Function cardiac muscle

• Cardiac muscle is the muscle of the

heart it self contracting autonomically
regulated and must continue to
contract in for the whole life of the
organis
Types of movement in nature and
in the human body

- by movement of cilia and flagella

- by contraction of cells of the body

Muscle cells satisfy requirement of

the body in movement.
Why do muscles
contract?
Muscle cells have contractile proteins -
actin and myosin, troponin, tropomyosin
and some another

The interaction of actin and myosin

mediates the contraction of muscle cells.
Locations: walls of visceral hollow organs
(stomach, uterus, ureter, blood vessels,
eye)

Functions: involuntary movement --

changes of lumen of hollow organs, movement
of its contens , i.e.:
- churning of food - peristalsis,
- movement of urine from the kidney to the
bladder,
parturition,
blood pressure,
accomodation and adaptation of the eye
 Origin of smooth
muscle
1. Smooth muscle cells arise
from mesenchymal cells.

2. These cells differentiate first

into mitotically active cells,
myoblasts, which contain a few
myofilaments.

3. Myoblasts differentiate into

mature smooth muscle cells.
Striated muscles
Location:
the heart

Function:
involuntary,
rhythmic
contraction

Unit –
cardiomyocyte
(cell)
 Cardiac muscle
cells:
• 4 types:
• A:Contractile,
b:Conductin
• C: Secretory
• D:Regeneratio
n intracellular
•
•
muscle cells convert chemical energy
(ATP) into mechanical energy by the
contractile apparatus of muscle cells.
 CARDIAC MUSCLE
A:cardiac muscle
cells are
cylindrical,
B:connected end-
by-end,
and form
“functional fiber”,
which
C:often branches
at acute angles.
 Origin of skeletal
muscle
The myoblasts of all skeletal muscle
fibers originate from the paraxial
mesoderm - myotome.
Skeletal Muscle Cells

Striated, voluntary,and multinucleated

are long, thin and cylindrical; they are
attached to bones and move our skeleton
are usually called “muscle fibers”
do not divide to create new cells
new fibers are produced by stem cells
Striations -- cross stripes (bands) run
perpendicular to the cells
Mogadishu
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