1.

05 Understand the
functions and disorders of
the muscular system
 1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system

• What are the characteristics of muscles?

• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?
1.05 Understand the functions 2
and disorders of the muscular
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility

Excitability

Extensibility

Elasticity

1.05 Understand the functions 3

and disorders of the muscular
 Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility

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and disorders of the muscular
 Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation
+
contraction of muscle proteins
=
movement and heat

1.05 Understand the functions 5

and disorders of the muscular
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of
muscle stimulus. The sodium-potassium
pump of the membrane of
a muscle cell.

The purpose of this slide is to

illustrate the complexity of the
process of movement.

1.05 Understand the functions 6

and disorders of the muscular
 Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability

1.05 Understand the functions 7

and disorders of the muscular
 Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility

1.05 Understand the functions 8

and disorders of the muscular
 Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity

1.05 Understand the functions 9

and disorders of the muscular
Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility

Excitability

Extensibility

Elasticity

1.05 Understand the functions 10

and disorders of the muscular
 Muscle Tone
Discuss muscle tone.

•Atrophy:
a- ________ -trophy ________

•Hypertrophy:
hyper- _______ -trophy ________

1.05 Understand the functions 11

and disorders of the muscular
 Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off his
leg. His calf muscle
on the affected leg is
1” smaller in diameter
than his other calf
muscle.

• What happened?

• How do you explain

this to him?

1.05 Understand the functions 12

and disorders of the muscular
 Muscle Tone
Exercise & Training
What are the
advantages of
exercise?

Are there any

disadvantages of
exercise?

1.05 Understand the functions 13

and disorders of the muscular
 Muscle Fatigue
Discuss muscle fatigue:
– What causes muscle fatigue?

– How does the body correct muscle fatigue?

– Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?

– Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

• Give examples of each.

1.05 Understand the functions 14

and disorders of the muscular
 Functions of the
Muscular System
What are the
functions of the
muscular system?

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and disorders of the muscular
 Movement:
Skeletal Muscle
• Receptors in muscles provide the brain with
information about body position and movement.

• The brain controls the contraction of skeletal

muscle.

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and disorders of the muscular
 Movement
Discuss the mechanism
of skeletal muscle
movement to include:
Point of origin
Point of insertion

Identify the:
Prime mover
Antagonist
Synergists

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and disorders of the muscular
 Movement:
Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which
food moves through the digestive tract.

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and disorders of the muscular
 Movement:
Circulatory System
Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the
speed at which the heart beats.

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and disorders of the muscular
 Posture
• How does the muscular system effect
posture?

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and disorders of the muscular
 Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold? Why?

How is this response helpful?

How does the body respond to exercise? Why?

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and disorders of the muscular
Myopathy

Myo-
-pathy

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and disorders of the muscular
 Fibromyalgia
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to
fibromyalgia.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis

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and disorders of the muscular
 Hernia
Discuss hernias.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

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and disorders of the muscular
 Muscle Spasms
(Involuntary hypertonicity)
Discuss muscle spasms.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
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and disorders of the muscular
 Muscular Dystrophy
• Discuss the picture and how it relates to
muscular dystrophy.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis

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and disorders of the muscular
 Myasthenia Gravis
Discuss the picture and how it relates to
myasthenia gravis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis

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and disorders of the muscular
 Strain
• What happened here?
• What symptoms is this man having? Why?
• How will he treat them?
• What is his prognosis?

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and disorders of the muscular
 Tendonitis
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to
tendonitis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis

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and disorders of the muscular
 Tetanus
Discuss the picture and how it relates to
tetanus.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis

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and disorders of the muscular
 1.05 Understand the functions and
disorders of the
muscular system
• What are the characteristics of muscles?
• What are the functions of the muscular system?
• What are common disorders of the muscular
system?
• How are muscular disorders treated?
• How does the muscular system relate to the
body’s support and movement?

1.05 Understand the functions 31

and disorders of the muscular