FISIOLOGI KELENJAR ADRENAL

KORTEKS ADRENAL

1. Terbagi atas 3 zona

2. Zona Glomerulosa
Memproduksi hormon mineralokortikoid 
mempengaruhi komposisi elektrolit tubuh
Hormon  Aldosterone
3. Zona Fasikulata
Memproduksi hormon glukokortikoid
Hormon  Kortisol/hidrokortison dan
kortikosterone
4. Zona Retikulata  memproduksi hormon
androgen DHEA
BIOSINTESIS HORMON KORTEKS ADRENAL
BIOSINTESIS HORMON KORTEKS ADRENAL
SEKRESI DIURNAL KORTISOL
REGULASI KORTISOL
(1) Cortisol directly inhibits secretion of CRH from the
hypothalamus.
(2) Cortisol indirectly inhibits CRH secretion by effects on
hippocampal neurons, which
synapse on the hypothalamus.
(3) Cortisol inhibits the action of CRH on the anterior
pituitary, resulting in inhibition of ACTH secretion
ACTION OF GLUKOKORTIKOID
The actions of glucocorticoids (e.g., cortisol) are essential for gluconeogenesis,
vascular responsiveness to catecholamines, suppression of inflammatory and immune
responses, and modulation of CNS function.
1. Stimulation of gluconeogenesis :
Cortisol increases protein catabolism in muscle and decreases
new protein synthesis
Cortisol increases lipolysis
Decreases glucose utilization by tissues and decreases the insulin sensitivity of
adipose tissue
ACTION OF GLUKOKORTIKOID
2. Anti-inflamatory Effects
Cortisol induces the synthesis of lipocortin, an inhibitor of the enzyme phospholipase
A2
Cortisol inhibits the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the proliferation of T
lymphocytes
Cortisol inhibits the release of histamine and serotonin from mast cells and
platelets.
3. Vascular Response to Cathecolamine
Up-regulating α1-adrenergic receptors in blood vessels
ACTION OF GLUKOKORTIKOID
4. Inhibition of bone formation
Decreasing the synthesis of type I collagen, the major component of bone matrix.
Decreasing formation of new bone by osteoblasts.
Decreasing intestinal ca2+ absorption.
5. Increases in glomerular fltration rate (GFR)
Cortisol increases GFR by causing vasodilation of afferent arterioles
6. Effects on CNS
Glucocorticoid receptors are found in the brain, particularly in the limbic system
Decreases REM sleep
Increases slow-wave sleep
Increases awake time
MINERALOKORTIKOID
ANDROGEN
Adrenal cortex produces the androgenic compounds, DHEA and androstenedione,
which are converted to testosterone primarily in the testes
In males, adrenal androgens play only a minor role because de novo synthesis of
testosterone from cholesterol in the testes is much greater than testosterone synthesis
from adrenal androgenic precursors
In women, adrenal androgens are the major androgens, and they
are responsible for the development of pubic and axillary hair and for libido.
 MEDULLA ADRENAL
Modified sympathetic ganglion of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The hormone-producing cells, called chromaffin cells (innervated by sympathetic
preganglionic neurons of the ANS)
Chromaffin cells secrete an unequal amount of these hormones—about 80%
epinephrine and 20% norepinephrine.
SUMBER
1. Tortora
2. Sherwood
3. Martini
4. Costanzo