Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
This tool was introduced in R/3 Release 3.0A, and received a substantial facelift
in the Enjoy Release, 4.6A,which warranted the new name Workflow Builder.
Need of Workflow
2 I wonder who
approves buying this
stuff?
Hmm ! Time to put in a 3
purchase requisition request
4 Meanwhile, in
Time drags on . . . Mr. Manager’s office . . .
“What shall I do next?”
Drawbacks
Inefficiency.
Workflow ensures that the right work is sent to the right person at the
right time in the right sequence with the right information.
Tool for the automization of business processes
Not tied up to any paricular application
Operates uniformly accross applications
Coordinate all participating tasks
Provide users with active support
Intelligent routing
Workflow is best suited for participation in data creation by a collective set of people
Example: Vendor address by front end, Vendor account by General Accounting
Ensure Compliance
Monitor and Control Processes; Deadline Monitoring and
Escalation Procedures
7 Workflow Basic Training © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
Workflow Architecture
Workflow Architecture
Organisational
Level
Process Level
Business
Object Level
Workflow Definition
Workflow Definition
1. Basic Data
2. Information about triggering events
3. Initial Values
4. Containers
5. Bindings
Workflow Builder
The workflow definition is created in the Workflow Builder and displayed
graphically in a network.
Transaction: SWDD
Menu Path: Tools Business Workflow Development Definition tools
Workflow Builder.
From the structure of the 8-digit number, the system knows whether the
template is a standard template delivered by SAP or one created by the
customer.
Customer-defined templates start with the prefix number that was defined in
Customizing for the system and client.
Transaction: SWUS.
Menu Path: Tools -> Business Workflow -> Development -> Runtime Tools-> Start
Workflow (Test Environment).
Business Object
ƒ The business object types are identified and described with their
object methods in the Business Object Repository(BOR) of the
R/3 System.
Interfaces
Each new object type automatically receives the interface IFSAP, the SAP
standard interface. IFSAP provides every object type with the following:
Method Display
Method ExistenceCheck
Attribute ObjectType
Key Fields
If the key field has a data type reference of a dictionary table field, the runtime
system will look to that table field to retrieve the value of the key when
processing the object. When the key field is created, the ABAP/4 program code
is generated automatically when the object type is generated.
Attributes
Methods
Methods
Import METHOD
Export
Parameters Parameters
–Synchronous / Asynchronous
Result:
Instance independence:
Exceptions
Exceptions
Events
Subtype
The subtype inherits all attributes, methods and events of the supertype and is
open for new customer-specific attributes, methods and events. The key fields
of the supertype and subtype must be identical. This means that any methods
and attributes defined on the parent can be executed and accessed on the
child object.
Delegation
This delegation is powerful because it lets you implement your own business logic
without modifying any SAP code. As long as the objects are properly delegated,
your method will be executed.
KNA1 ZKNA1
Calling Method: Method:
Program
Change password Change password
Container Marcos
SWC_CONTAINER <Cont>
SWC_CONTAINER_CREATE <Cont>
Transaction : PFTC
Menu Path -> Tools -> Business Workflow -> Development -> Definition tools ->Tasks
Tasks
Single-step tasks
ƒ The multistep tasks form the business framework for a workflow definition and
each references one workflow definition.
Defining a Task
Workitem Text
ƒ First create the workitem text and position the cursor to include a varible
Example
Processes request from &_WI_Object_ID.CreatedBy&
Workflow Steps
There are
1. Steps which refer to business activities (activities & user decision)
2. Steps which are used for internal process control and monitoring
(condition, multiple condition, loop, etc)
User Decision
This provides an opportunity for user interaction with the system.
The response to this decides the selection of the subsequent step.
Web Activity
Selected container elements are posted using http protocol in XML or SOAP
message
Subworkflow
An activity which refers to a workflow rather than a task
52 Workflow Basic Training Jan-2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
Condition
Branch on the basis of control information from the runtime dependent
context of the workflow.
An attribute of this object can also be accessed for condition evaluation
Condition evaluation can be done by
Field comparison e.g constants , object attribute, system fields
Multiple condition
In contrast to condition, multiple condition makes it possible for the
workflow definition to branch in more than two branches.
WHILE Loop
Steps are processed repeatedly until the conditions contained in the WHILE
step no longer apply.
Until Loop
Steps are processed repeatedly until the condition contained in the UNTIL step
is true.
Fork
Used for parallel processing branches.
Only a part of the parallel processing branches actually has to run to continue
the workflow.
Dynamic parallel processing is also possible
Send mail
- Text entered in this step can be used to send a mail to the agent assigned
Container operations
- Used to perform arithmetic operation of value assignment to workflow
container elements using constants and data in the workflow container .
Event Creator
An event is created when this step in the workflow is reached.
Other workflows can be started as a reaction to the event created in this
step. This event must be the triggering event of the relevant workflow tasks
and/or templates.
Types of Containers
Workflow Container
Task Container
Binding
7 9
sync sync
task method
11 10
8 role
12 13
async async terminating
task method event
15 14
Workflow Basic Training © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
Events
Event
Status Message
Change
Management Control
Document
ABAP Code
Specific
In User Exit
HR Tables
Menu Path :Basic menu -> Tools -> Business Workflow -> Development -> Definition tools -
> Events
This is using done by writing custom code e.g. by using SAP FM like
SWE_EVENT_CREATE inside user exits, BADI etc.
IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
COMMIT WORK.
ENDIF.
69 Workflow Basic Training Jan-2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
Anybody want
this event?
Event
Published
Events
Linkage
Receivers Creator
Workflow Basic Training © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
Transaction: SWE2
Menu Path :Basic menu -> Tools -> Business Workflow -> Utilities > Other tools >Event linkage
Agent
ƒ If the agents of the individual workflow steps are determined using the
customer-specific organizational chart, your agent assignment in the
workflow remains flexible to change.
Types of Agents
Processing Agents
Possible agents
are a collection of
agents who qualify to Deadline Agents
execute a work item
Notification Agents
Selected agents
Actual agent is the
are those possible
agents who are agent among those
elected to execute a selected agents who
task at runtime actually processes the
work item
Possible agents
User Position Job Org. Unit Person
Default role
Business
Workplace
TASK
Possible Agents
Triggering
Event
Task definition with
no default role
Triggering
Event All possible agents who
qualify to execute task
Task definition with
no default role
Rule Basics
Transaction : PFAC_INS(Create)
Menu Path: Tools – Business Workflow – Development – Definition tools – Rules for Agent
Assignment – Create/Change/Display.
Jones Smith
William
Ross
Areas of Responsibility
Value From From To Name Mr. Miller
A* K* Employees from A-Z
Role resolution with function module should be done only for complex criteria
Organization structure
Organizational Management
ƒ Positions can be linked to jobs. They inherit all the tasks assigned to
that job.
Assign Holders
Transaction - PPOCW
T-Code - SWU3
Auto customizing does not include maintenance of the organizational plan nor task-specific customizing
(that is, assignment between tasks and possible agents).
Web-Browser
SAP Portal
MS Outlook
Lotus Notes
SAPGUI
Transaction: SWEL
Menu Path :Basic menu -> Tools -> Business Workflow -> Development -> Utilities ->
Events -> Event Trace.
The Event trace needs to be switched on for the event to be visible in the trace
93 Workflow Basic Training Jan-2007 © 2007 IBM Corporation
IBM Global Business Services
Workflow log-SWI2_FREQ
SWU_OBUF
Thank you
Questions?
Comments?
Suggestions?
Within Enterprise