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Prof R Natarajan
Former Chairman , All India Council for Technical Education
Former Director , Indian Institute of Technology , Madras
prof.rnatarajan@gmail.com
AN OVERVIEW OF THE CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION IN INDIA --
CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION
3
WHY INDIA WILL BE INCREASINGLY IMPORTANT
IN THE COMING DECADES
4
PROJECTED RELATIVE SIZE OF ECONOMIES
JAPAN 39 23 32 23
CHINA 18 94 76 143
UK 18 15 16 15
INDIA 6 58 30 100
2000 2050
India 17 19
China 23 14
USA 5 5*
West Europe 3 2
Japan 2 1
7
QUANTITATIVE TRENDS
GROWTH OF DIFFERENT PROGRAMS
IN TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS
] Asymmetry ] Disparity
] Divide ] Imbalances
] Diversity ] Inequities
CHARACTERISTIC A B
CHARACTERISTIC A B
Prospective employers Large scale, corporate SMEs
sector
Employment Seeking Generating
Level UG PG
Research Experimental Computer based-
Nature of institution Research University Teaching institution
Subject Areas Science and Arts and Commerce
Technology
Specialization Generalist Specialist
Prosperity of Rich Poor
Stakeholders
Access to
information Information haves Information have nots -
EVOLUTION OF UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND
INDUSTRIAL CONSULTANCY IN INDIA
During the Early Years (70’s)
“Publish or Perish”
Later Years (80’s)
“Publish and Consult; or Perish”.
Recent Years – post WTO
“Patent, then Publish; and Prosper”.
The Open -Source Revolution
“ Publish, Share; and Feel-Good”
HOW INDIA IS FOCUSSING ON PRIORITY AREAS
19
INDIAN DECADE OF INNOVATION
20
SOME CURRENT ISSUES IN
ENGINEERING EDUCATION
21
AUTONOMY
Academic
Administrative – Managerial
Financial
Functional
22
DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF BUZZWORDS IN
HIGHER EDUCATION
•Access •Equity
Inclusion Expansion
Excellence Affordability
Diversity Sustainable
Development
Employability Relevance
Global Engineer Innovation
Glocal Quality
23
A CHANGING WORLD
Worldwide changes
Changes in technology
Changes in education and training
Changes to work and professions
Changes in management and organisation of
institutions
24
GLOBALISATION--DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTIONS
OF DCs AND LDCs
25
SWOT ANALYSIS OF A TRADITIONAL ENGINEER
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
Analytical Capabilities Ability to work in a Team
Design Capabilities -- Inter-disciplinary knowledge
ability to handle open-ended problems Practical orientation (academics)
ability to handle poorly-defined problems Commercial orientation
creativity and innovation Introspective nature, modesty
Decision-making, including problem-solving Oral and written communication skills
Graphical communication skills Integrative skills
Discipline,Work ethic. Ability to employ IT
Obsolescence (remedy : Continuing Education)
Inter-personal skills
Public perception and recognition
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
Most real-life problems require contributions Competition from Scientists, Economists,
from Engineers Financial Experts, Administrators in high-level
decision-making bodies.
National policies recognize role of S & T
Quantitative expansion in Technical Education
Business recognizes role of Technology
without simultaneous Quality assurance
Ambition of bright youth to become Engineers
Industrial development entails depletion of
Globalisation offers opportunities for natural resources and environment
acquisition of state-of-the art technologies degradation -- Engineers held responsible for
these.
A COMPARISON OF THE TRADITIONAL AND
XXI CENTURY ATTRIBUTES OF ENGINEERS
ENVIRONMENT, AMBIENCE
Significant Impact of Technology on:
Education, Industry, Commerce, Lifestyle,
Entertainment, Society
Demand for Mass Education
Widening of Disparities:
• Technology Divide
• Digital Divide
• Prosperity Divide
• Literacy/Education Divide
28
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
29
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
30
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
31
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
32
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
33
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
Perspective Planning:
• Manpower Development
• Discipline-wise distribution
• Regional distribution
• Level-wise distribution : Degree / Diploma
• Ph.D and P.G. programs
• Emerging Thrust Areas
34
RATIONALE FOR RE-DESIGN OF
THE ENGINEERING EDUCATION SYSTEM
Emerging Models:
• Technological Universities
• Deemed Universities
• Virtual Universities / Distance Education
• Autonomous vs Affiliated Institutions
• Twinning arrangements with foreign institutions
• "Brick" , "Click" & "Hybrid" Models.
35
SOME MORE CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
36
SOME MORE CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
II Conflicts :
37
SOME MORE CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
38
THE SYMBIOTIC AND SYNERGISTIC
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRY
• The two Partners need and depend on each other, and derive mutual
benefit from the partnership – Symbiosis.
• The overall impact can be much greater when the two partners
function in phase and in resonance – Synergy.
39
A SUMMARY OF THE FEATURES OF INDIAN
ENGINEERING EDUCATION
40