GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES

• “Architecture of bedrock”
• Structural Geology-
– shapes,
– arrangement,
– interrelationships of bedrock
– units & forces that cause them
 Behavior of rocks to stress
& strain

• Elastic
– Elastic limit
• Plastic
• Brittle Stress

Strain
 Structures as a Record of the
Geologic Past
• Geologic maps and field methods
– Observations of outcrops
– Geologic map
– Strike and dip
• Original horizontality
• Strike
• Angle of dip
• Direction of dip
• Symbols
– Geologic cross section
 Structures as a Record of the
Geologic Past
• Geologic maps and field methods
– Observations of outcrops
– Geologic map
– Strike and dip
• Original horizontality
• Strike
• Angle of dip
• Direction of dip
• Symbols
– Geologic cross section
Structures as a Record of the
Geologic Past
• Geologic maps and field methods
– Observations of outcrops
– Geologic map
– Strike and dip
• Original horizontality
• Strike
• Angle of dip
• Direction of dip
• Symbols
– Geologic cross section
 FOLDS
• Anticline vs. syncline
– Hinge line (axis)
– Limb
– Axial plane
• Plunging fold
• Structural dome
• Structural basin
 FOLDS
• Anticline vs. syncline
– Hinge line (axis)
– Limb
– Axial plane
• Plunging fold
• Structural dome
• Structural basin
 FOLDS
• Anticline vs. syncline
– Hinge line (axis)
– Limb
– Axial plane
• Plunging fold
• Structural dome
• Structural basin
 FOLDS
• Interpreting folds
– Open fold
– Isoclinal fold
– Overturned fold
– Recumbent fold
 Fractures in rock
• Joints
– Columnar jointing
– Sheet jointing
– Joint set
• Faults
– Dip-slip faults- normal and reverse
• Footwall vs. hanging wall
– Normal fault
• Graben; Rift
• Horst ; fault-block mountain range
 Fractures in rock
• Joints
– Columnar jointing
– Sheet jointing
– Joint set
• Faults
– Dip-slip faults- normal and reverse
• Footwall vs. hanging wall
– Normal fault
• Graben; Rift
• Horst ; fault-block mountain range
 Fractures in rock
• Faults
– Reverse fault
• Thrust fault- low angle reverse fault
– Strike-Slip fault
• Left-lateral vs. right-lateral
 Fractures in rock
• Faults
– Reverse fault
• Thrust fault- low angle reverse fault
– Strike-Slip fault
• Left-lateral vs. right-lateral