International Trade

Zhejiang Normal University

 Chapter 10 Payment

支付
 Main Points in Unit 10

Section One Section Two Modes

Instruments of of Payment in
Payment in International Trade
International Trade
 Introduction
In international trade, how and when an exporter
receives payment for the goods he sends abroad are
problems that concern him the most. Payment in
domestic trade is a fairly simple matter. It can be
made either in advance or within a reasonably short
period after delivery. However, these problems are
magnified many times in international trade. Much
time is unavoidable lost in correspondence, dispatch
and delivery.
 Who is liable for this loss? Must the seller wait
perhaps six months for his money or shall the buyer pay
several months before he even sees his goods? What’s
more, in a case of non-payment, the seller will be
involved in expensive legal action and possibly total
loss. Because of these problems, different methods of
payment have been adopted in international trade.
Generally, in every contract for the sale of goods abroad,
the clause dealing with the payment of the purchase
price consists of four elements: time, mode, place, and
currency of payment.
 What should be understood in this unit

 1 Instruments of Payment
 Currency
 Bills
Draft
Promissory Note
Cheque
 2 Modes of Payment
Remittance
Collection
L/C
 3 Payment Clause in S/C
 Section One Means of Payment in
International Trade
In international trade, the most frequently used
means of payment include currencies and bills. The
former is used for account, settlement and payment; the
latter for settlement and payment. In practice, sellers of
goods, in general, almost never insist on their rights to
demand cash for payment, but readily take certain bills,
such as bill of exchange(draft), promissory note and
cheque (check) for substitutes, among which draft are
widely used.
 Draft is an unconditionally written order drawn by
the drawer for the money to be paid by the drawee
(payer) Drafts are negotiable instruments and may
be sold.
 Promissory Note is a written and signed promise to
pay a stated amount of money to a particular
person.
 Cheque is a written order to a bank to pay a certain
sum of money from one’s bank account to another
person The payer of a check is the drawer of the
check.
 Bill of exchange
1) Definition of Bill of Exchange
A bill of exchange, also called draft, is defined as
“an unconditional order in writing, addressed by one
person to another, signed by the person giving it,
requiring the person to whom it is addressed to pay on
demand, or at a fixed or determinable future time, a
sum certain in money, to, or to the order of a specified
person, or to bearer”. The operation process of draft
includes: to draw, presentation, acceptance, payment,
endorsement, dishonor and recourse. Drafts are
negotiable instruments and may be sold. （P261）
 Definition

Contents

Draft
Kinds

Use
Samples of bills
 Samples of bills

No. 1022
$ 20,000 London, 10th March, 2009-3-19

On demand pay to Bill Green or bearer the sum of USD

Twenty Thousand only.
(Signed) Tom White

To: Mr. David Smith

New York
 Samples of bills

No: 123/67
Exchange for $ 8000 Guangdong, China, 5th March, 2006
At 60 days sight of this First of exchange (the SECOND of the
same and date being unpaid) pay to or to the order of
Guangzhou ABC Import and Export Corporation the sum of
USD eight thousand only.
To: ABC Import and Export Co. Ltd
23 Washington Street
New York, USA
Guangzhou ABC Import and Export Corporation
Manager(Signed)
BILL OF EXCHANGE
No.__________________
For
At ____________________ sight of THIS SECOND BILL of EXCHANGE
(first of the same tenor and date unpaid) pay to___________________or order the
sum of Value received and charge the same to account of _____________________
_________________________________________________________________
Drawn under______________________________________________________
L/C No._______________________________dated_______________________
To.______________________________
___________________________
 汇票
BILL OF EXCHANGE
No. 汇票编号 Date: 出票日期
For: 汇票金额
At 付款期限 sight of this second of exchange (first of the same
tenor and date unpaid) pay to the order of 受款人 the sum of
Drawn under 出票条款
L/C No. Dated
To. 付款人
出票人签章
 1) Content of Bill of Exchange (draft)

(1)An unconditional order in writing

(2)Addressed by one person/party (the drawer)
In A: Tom White
In B: Guangzhou ABC Import and Export Corporation
(3)To another (the drawee)
In A: David Smith, New York
In B: A&C Import and Export Co. Ltd, Miami
(4) Signed by the person /party (drawer) giving it
出票根据（DRAWN UNDER）：

 ①Under L/C ：3 parts。出票条款是说明

开证行在一定的期限内对汇票的金额履行
保证付款责任的法律依据，是信用证项下
的汇票不可缺少的重要内容之一。
 ②Under Colletion：一般应加发运货物的
名称、数量，有的还加装运港和目的港以
及合同号等。
 下面是业务上常见的做法。
 Covering 1000 cartons of garments shipped
from Xingang to Hongkong under Contract
NO.05TSG030.（清偿第05TSG030合同项下自
新港装运至香港的服装1000箱）
 Covering 800 bags broad beans under
Contract NO.64388.（清偿第64388号合同项下
蚕豆800袋）
 Being amount of 1200 crates windowglass
under Contract NO.667TMK6201.（系第
667TMK6201号合同项下1200箱窗玻璃之金额）
 Drawn under Contract NO.24560-RM-01
against shipment of 2000M/T Maize from
Dalian to Singapore.（在第24560-RM-01号合
同项下凭从大连至新加坡装运2000吨玉米开立）
 有的只加合同号，如DRAWN UNDER
CONTRACT NO.SK-2345-68。（第SK-2345-68
号合同项下开立）
 托收汇票应在出票条款栏内或其他位置加注
“FOR COLLECTION”。有的在出票条款栏内只
加此项内容而不加任何其他说明。
2) The Parties to a Bill of Exchange

A bill of exchange involves three

parties:

Drawer: Drawee: Payee

 Payee

Drawee Drawer
The relationship among these parties in a bill of exchange may
be described as a triangle as above
Contents in Draft
1）Involved Parties

出票人 （Drawer）

受票人 (Drawee) = Payer

收款人 (Payee)
 3) Classification of Bill of Exchange

(1). Commercial bill and Banker’s Bill

According to different drawee, the bills of exchange
can be classified into commercial bill and banker’s bill. If
the drawer is a commercial concern, the bill is called a
commercial bill. It is often used in foreign trade finance. If
the drawer is a bank, the bill is called a banker’s bill. It is
mainly used in remittance.
 (2). Clean bill and documentary bill
In the transfer of the bill of exchange, if the bill of
exchange is accompanied by shipping documents, it is a
documentary bill, if not, it is a clean bill. In international
trade, mostly it is the documentary bill that is used,
occasionally the clean bill is used to collect payment in
small or sundry charges，such as commission, interest,
sample fee and cash in advance, etc.
 (3). Sight (or Demand) Bill and Time (or Usance) bill

According to the time when the bill falls due, bills of exchange
may be divided into sight (or demand) bill or a time (or usance ) bill.
A sight bill demands immediate payment by the drawee at the sight
of the bill. In case of a time bill, the drawee is required to accept it
first and pay it at a fixed or determinable future time, in other words,
it requires acceptance before payment. The fixed or determinable
future time may be a certain number of days after acceptance: a)
At … days after sight, such as “30 days sight or “60 days after sight”;
b) At … days after date if draft, such as “90 days after date of this
draft”; c) at fixed date in the future, such as “On May 12, 2006”.
 (4). Commercial Acceptance Bill and Banker’s Acceptance
Bill
In time or usance commercial bill, when the drawer is a
commercial firm and the drawee is another commercial firm, the bill
after acceptance by the commercial firm or the drwee is called a
commercial acceptance bill; when the drawee is a commercial firm
or bank and the drawee is a bank, the bill after acceptance by the
bank or the drawee is called a banker’s acceptance bill.
 Clean bill
Whether documentary
Documentary bill

Sight bill
Dead time of payment
Usance bill
Kinds
Commercial bill
Drawer
Commercial
Banker’s bill
Acceptance bill

Acceptance Banker’s
Acceptance bill
 draw

presentation
use

acceptance payment
汇票图样
中国建设银行汇票样本
中国工商银行转帐支票票样
 4) Use Bill of Exchange in Foreign Trade
A bill of exchange (draft) is an order to pay. It is made out by an
exporter and presented to an importer, usually through a bank. It
may be payable immediately on presentation (a sight or demand
draft), or so many days after presentation ( a time draft). In the latter
case, the drawee writes “ Accepted” across it and signs his name.
The exporter can then get immediate payment by discounting the
draft and supplying a letter of hypothecation. If a time draft is not
honored at maturity, it will be noted and protested by a Notary
Public, and represented the drawee. Such a draft, and the
corresponding payment terms, “Documents against Acceptance”,
obviously involve risk to the exporter or his bank.
 (1). To draw
To draw is to fill up by the drawer the particulars in a
bill of exchange the date of drawing, the name of the
drawee, the time and amount of the payment, etc. The
draft is signed by the drawer and then sent to the payee.
There are three kinds of ways to fill up the payee:
* Restrictive payee, such as pay…Co. only, pay … Co.
not transferable;
* To order, such as pay … Co. or Order or Pay to the
Order of … Co. This type requires endorsement when
transferable.
* To bearer, such as pay bearer. This type requires no
endorsement.
 (2). Presentation
The act of taking the bill to the drawee and
demanding that he make the payment or accept
the bill is known as presentation. For a sight
bill, payment should be made at the same time
when the presentation is made, and for a tile
bill, the drawee is required to accept the bill
when the bill is presented to him.
 (3). Acceptance
The formal act whereby the drawee adopts the bill
as his own obligation is known as acceptance.
Acceptance is the written signification by the drawee
of his assent to the order of the drawer. This is
accomplished in the regular manner by writing the
word “Acceptance”, with the date and the signature of
the drawee, across the face of the bill. When the bill is
accepted by the drawee, he is then known as an
acceptor.
 (4). Payment
Under a sight bill, the drawee is required to
make the payment when the bill is presented to
him while for a time bill, the drawee is required to
accept the bill when the bill is presented to him
and make the payment at the maturity of the bill.
When paid, the bill is retained by the payer while
the receipt is made and signed by the holder of the
bill.
 (5). Endorsement
The bill of exchange is negotiable and transferable as
the payee on most bills is to “to the order of…”.
Negotiation and transfer is effected with endorsement. If
the payee on the bill is to “to the bearer”, then negotiation
and transfer is done with mere delivery of the bill.
Endorsement is done when the payee has signed his name
on the back of the bill with or without additional words
conveying instructions or qualifying liability.
Generally speaking, there are three main
endorsements, namely special, blank, restrictive.
Restrictive Endorsement
 The endorser may write clearly on the upper part of the
signature on the back of the bill the endorsee with
restrictive conditions. A restrictive endorsement is one
which limits the bill for further negotiation, such as
“Pay … only” or “Pay … non-transfer”. Once the bill is
restrictively endorsed, it cannot be transferred any more.
Demonstrative Endorsement
 A demonstrative endorsement is one which specifies the
person to whom, or to whose order, the bill is to be
payable, such as “Pay … or to order of”.
Blank Endorsement
 A blank endorsement, or endorsement in blank, is one
which specifies no payee. The effect of a blank
endorsement is to make the bill payable to bearer and
to make delivery and without additional endorsement.
The bearer or holder of a bill so endorsed may
sometimes required, however, to place his
endorsement upon it at the time of making a further
negotiation.
Some Expressions used in Draft
汇款/寄钱 to remit/to send money
寄票供取款/支票支付 to send a cheque for payment
寄款人 a remitter 收款人 a remittee
国外汇票 foreign Bill 国内汇票 inland Bill
跟单汇票 documentary bill 空头汇票
accommodation bill
原始汇票 original bill
改写/换新票据 renewed bill
即期汇票 sight bill/bill on demand
见票后... 日付款 ... days' after sight/... days' sight
见票后... 月付款 ... months' after sight/... months'
sight
同组票据 set of bills
单张汇票 sola of exchange/sole of exchange
远期汇票 usance bill/bill at usance
长期汇票 long bill 短期汇票 short bill
逾期汇票 overdue bill 宽限日期 days of grace
drawn clauses 出票条款（注：即出具汇票的法律依据）
(1)all drafts drawn under this credit must contain the
clause “Drafts drawn Under Bank of…credit No.…dated…”
本证项下开具的汇票须注明“本汇票系凭……银行……
年……月……日第…号信用证下开具”的条款

(2)drafts are to be drawn in duplicate to our order bearing

the clause “Drawn under United Malayan Banking
Corp.Bhd.Irrevocable Letter of Credit No.…dated July 12,
1978” 汇票一式两份，以我行为抬头，并注明“根据马来
西亚联合银行1978年7月12日第……号不可撤销信用证项
下开立”
 (3)draft(s) drawn under this credit to be marked：
“Drawn under…Bank L/C No.……Dated (issuing date of
credit)” 根据本证开出得汇票须注明“凭……银行……年……
月……日（按开证日期）第……号不可撤销信用证项下开立”

(4)drafts in duplicate at sight bearing the clauses“Drawn

under…L/C No.…dated…” 即期汇票一式两份，注明“根
据……银行信用证……号，日期……开具”

(5)draft(s) so drawn must be in scribed with the number

and date of this L/C 开具的汇票须注上本证的号码和日期

(6)draft(s) bearing the clause：“Drawn under

documentary credit No.…(shown above) of…Bank” 汇票注明
“根据……银行跟单信用证……号（如上所示）项下开立”
 Exercise 1
A. Read the bill of exchange below and answer questions.
TWO COPIES
No. 80W5069-2 Date: 4th DEC. 2008
EXCHANGE FOR USD63,162.00
At 90 DAYS sight of this FIRST OF EXCHANGE (second of the
same tenor and date unpaid) pay to the order of OURSELVES the
sum of __________________________Value received Draw under
LC No. 314955B OF 1ST AUG. 1999 ISSUED BY
YOURGOODSELVES
TO HORNER HENAN NATIVE PRODUCE & ANIMAL
TRUST CO. BY-PRODUCTS IMP. & EXP. CO.
PITTSBURG ________________________
MANAGER
 1. Who is the drawer/drawee? i.e. who is paying whom?
 2. On which day was the draft drawn?
 3. Is the Bill in sola (one copy) or two?
 4. How much money is involved?
 5. This bill only shows the sum of money is figures.
Can you write out the same amount in words? Where
do you write it .
 6. In a bill of exchange, the places of the sender and the
receiver are fixed. Where are they respectively?
 How long is this bill valid?
 According to the bill, what is the mode of payment used?
 9. What do the following abbreviations stand for?
USD________ No.___________
LC____________ CO.___________
 Key
A. Read the bill of exchange below and answer questions.
1. Drawer: Henan native produce …
Drawee: Hanover Trust Co.
2. 4th DEC, 1999 3. two copies
4. US$63,162.00
5. Unite States Dollars Sixty Three Thousand One
Hundred And Sixty Two Only
6. The sender's place is on the bottom right and the
receiver's is on the bottom left.
7. 90 days 8. LC
9 US dollars, number, letter of credit, company
 Exercise 2
 B. Figures and words
 Checks, bills and receipts often contain sums of money
in two form: figures and words. Spell out the following
figures.
 1. ￡100.00__
 2. US$89.50 __
 3. ￥868,000.00__
 4. STG234.4s.3p __
 5. DM590.00 __
Key: Figures and words
 1. One Hundred Pounds Sterling Only
 2. Eighty-nine Dollars and Fifty Cents Only
 3. Yen Eight Hundred and Sixty-eight Thousands
Only
 4. Two Hundred and Thirty-four Pounds, Four
Shillings, and Three Pence Only
 5. Deutsche Mark Five Hundred and Ninety Only
 Promissory Note 本票
A promissory note is an unconditional promise in
writing made by one person to another signed by the
maker, engaging to pay, on demand or at a fixed or
determinable future time, a sum certain in money, or to
the order, of a specified person or to bearer.
The main difference between a promissory note and a
draft lies in that there are three parties, namely drawer,
drawee and payee involved in a draft but only two,
drawer and payee in a promissory note. The party of
promissory note is the drawer himself.
（P270）
本票样本
 Cheque (Check)

A check is an unconditional order in writing drawn on a

banker signed by the drawer, requiring the banker to pay on
demand a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified
person or to bearer.
The payer of a check is the drawer of the check A cheque
drawn on a bank overseas cannot be readily negotiated by the
exporter If the exporter’s bank were prepared to negotiate it for
him then he would receive payment right away but at the cost
of the discount．Failing this the exporter would have to ask
his bank to collect the cheque for him and this would be both
time—consuming and relatively expensive．（P270)
中国建设银行现金支票样本
 Section Two Modes of International Payment

 支付方式从资金的流向与支付工具的传递方向划分，可
分为顺汇和逆汇。汇付采用顺汇，托收采用逆汇。

 Remittance汇付（272）
 (一） Definition & Involved Parties汇付的含义及当事人
 1、Definition汇付的含义
 2、Involved Parties汇付的当事人
 Remitter汇款人

 Payee收款人

 Remitting Bank汇出行

 Paying Bank汇入行或解付行
 Remittance汇付

M/T信汇 T/T电汇 票汇D/D

Mail transfer Telegraphic Demand Draft
transfer
 Remittance

Definition Kinds

T/T M/T D/D

托收（Collection）（273）
（一）Definition & Classification
Definition：（273）
Classification：
光票托收（Clean Collection）
（273）
跟单托收（Documentary
Collection）（274）
（二）Parties Involved
 Collection
Definition Kinds

Clean collection Documentary

collection

D/P D/A

D/P sight D/P at…days after sight

Documentary Collection跟单托收

Principal Payer
Exporter （1）S/C
Importer

（5）
Bank in Export （4） Bank in Import
Country Country
（7）
Remitting Collecting
bank Bank
D/P at sight: The buyer shall pay against draft and
documentary drawn by the seller at sight
and gain the documentary.

Payer Principal
(Importer) (Exporter)
1
3 4 6

2
Remitting Bank
Collecting Bank
5
D/P at…days after sight: The buyer shall duly accept
the documentary draft drawn by the seller upon first
presentation and make payment when expire.

Payer Principal
3 4 5 6

8 1

2
Collecting Bank
Notifying Bank Remitting Bank
7
付款交单（document against payment, D/P）

付款人 委托人
合同规定付款交单方式
（进口人） （出口人）

5 4 方3
提 即期付款交单 票收 1
付 审 示按 ，委
款 单 汇委
（D/P at sight） 跟托装 7
后 无 票托 单书货 交
代 误 和书 交，，
收 后 远期付款交单 付开填
款
单指
行 付 据示 （D/P after sight） 立写
交 款 向 汇托
单 买
2.寄交托收指示书、
代收行 汇票货运单据 托收行

6.办理转帐并通知款已收妥
承兑交单（document against acceptance, D/A）

付款人 委托人
合同规定承兑交单方式
（进口人） （出口人）

人 提 3 跟委 1
4 承 示 按 单托
兑 汇 委 交书装 6
到 汇 票 托 付，货
期 票 和 书 开， 。
日 ， 单 指 立填 交
付 银 据 示 汇写 款
款 行 ， 向 票托
交 进 买 ，收
单 口 方
2.寄交托收指示书、
代收行 汇票、货运单据 托收行

5.办理转帐并通知款已收妥
承兑交单（D/A）的支付程序

（1）S/C
Principal Payer

（7）Document

（8）payment
（5）Presentation
（4）Collection
Collecting
Remitting bank bank
（8）
 Discussions:

Advantages and disadvantages of remittance

Advantages and disadvantages of collection

 Letter of Credit
 Samples of Letter of Credit
 Definition of L/C
At the request of the Buyer，
Guaranty of
Issued by Bank Conditioned 付款 payment保证书。

the doctrine of strict compliance

单证相符，单单一致
 Applicant Beneficiary
（Importer） （Exporter)

9 8 1 3 4 5

2
Opening Bank Advising Bank
Paying Bank Negotiating Bank
6
7
Parties involved in L/C(P291)
1、 Applicant开证申请人,或开证人（Opener)
2、 Opening Bank,Issuing Bank开证银行
3、 Advising Bank,Notifying Bank通知银行
 通知行只负责鉴别L/C的真实性，不承担其他义务。

4、 Beneficiary受益人
5、 Negotiating Bank议付银行、押汇银行或贴现银行
6、 Paying Bank付款银行
7、 Confirming Bank保兑银行
 保兑银行具有与开证银行相同的责任和地位。
 Standby
Special
use

Reciprocal
Graph

Anticipatory
Back-to-bake
of payment purpose
Using

Transferable
Revolving
Letter of Credit (292)

The way

Acceptance
Negotiation
Kinds

Payment
payment
Time of
Usance payable at sight
Usance
Sight

nature confirmed
Definition Unconfirmed
Confirmed
Irrevocable
Revocable
5) Attention should be Paid to the
Following When Using Letter of Credit
（信用信用证时应注意的问题）

6) Checks and Amendment of the Letter of

Credit（审证和改证）

7) Checks and Amendment of the

Letter of Credit（审证和改证）
L/C的开立形式
1、 To open by Airmail信开本
2、 To open by Cable电开本
（1） Brief Cable简电本 （UCP500
Article 11 a(ii).

简电本不是有效的L/C文件，不
能作为交单议付的依据。
 （2） Full Cable全电本
（3）SWIFT L/C（全球银行金融电讯协会）
L/C的种类
（一）按L/C下的汇票是否随付货运单据
Documentary L/C跟单L/C
Clean L/C光票L/C
Revolving Credit循环L/C
 1、The classification
 （1）revolving with time按时间循环L/C

 （2）revolving with amount按金额循环L/C

 2、Advantages循环L/C的优点
 3、The applicable scope循环L/C的适用范围：be
applicable for partial shipment equally适用于分批均匀交货
 4、Specimen of Revolving Credit
Reciprocal Credit对开L/C
1、The characteristics对开L/C的特点
2、 The applicable scope对开L/C的适用范围
 Frequentlyused in barter, compensation
trade and ect.多用于易货贸易、来料加工
或补偿贸易业务。
Back to Back Credit对背L/C或转开L/C
1、对背L/C的适用范围
2、开立对背L/C后，有关条款的变更
Anticipatory L/C预支L/C
1、预支方式(包括向开证行预支和向议
付行预支）
2、 Red Clause L/C红条款L/C
3、 Green Clause L/C绿条款L/C
 开证行要求受益人必须将预支货款下
的货物，以开证行的名义存放在出口
国海关仓库，受益人凭“栈单”和以
后补交单据的声明书，预支部分货款。
*Differences between Standby L/C & L/G ：

1 Different International Custom Practice适

用的国际惯例不同
 ISP98: the International Standby Practices
1998
（1998年国际备用信用证惯例）
 URDG458: Uniform Rules for Demand
Guarantees
（见索即偿保证书统一规则）
 URCG325: Uniform Rules for Contract
Guarantees
（合同保证统一规则）
2 Different Features
Utilization of Various methods of
Payment各种支付方式的运用
Remittance

Collection
A set of
original
L/C documents
Combination of Collection & Stand-by L/C or L/G托收与备用信
用证或银行保函相结合

Combination of Remittance, Collection and L/C汇付、托收和信

用证相结合
1、 Payment by Installments分期付款
2、 Deferred Payment延期付款
3、Difference between payment by installments and deferred
payment
 The degree of settlement of payment货款清偿程度不同

 The time of transformation of title所有权转移时间不同

 The interest paid支付利息费用不同

Attention should be paid to the following when using
letter of credit

Checks and Amendment of the Letter of Credit

Once the letter of credit is opened, the opening bank will send the
credit either directly to the seller or to the notifying bank. Upon
arrival of the credit, the seller should check the credit immediately.
If the credit contains unacceptance requirements, they should be
rejected at once, preferably fax, asking for amendments.

Please try to finish the exercise of L/C amendment

 Payment in Installments分期付款：

Put into Commodity Shipment Re-

Cargo
Production Inspection 装船 inspection
Arrival到货
投产 商检 验收

10% 10% 60% 10% 10%

Deferred Payment延期付款：
Take
04.8.……
Put into delivery Check &
Production of goods Accept验 03.8.
投产 交货 收

10% 10% 10% 10% 10%

Please look at the following drafts and try
to understand what you have studied in
this chapter
托收的程序
（6）
代收银行 托收银行
（2）

（5） （7） （1）

（4） （3）

进口商 出口商
货物
(受票人/买方/付款) (出票人/卖方/委托人)

返回
即期付款交单程序
进口商 合同 出口商
(买方/付款人) (卖方/委托人)

（1） （7）
（5） （4）
（3）

进口地银行 出口地银行
(代收行) (托收行)

返回
远期付款交易程序
进口商 合同 出口商
(买方/付款人) (卖方/委托人)

（5） （4） （3） （1） （6）

（2）
进口地银行 出口地银行
(代收行) (托收行)
（6）

返回
远期承兑交单程序
进口商 合同 出口商
(买方/付款人) (卖方/委托人)

（4） （3） （1） （6）

（2）
进口地银行 出口地银行
(代收行) (托收行)
（5）

返回
信用证流通过程
进口商 合同 出口商
(买方/开证人) (卖方/受益人)

（4） （5） （3）

（9） （8） （1）

（6）
付款行 开证行 通知行 议付行
（2）
（7）

返回
四、信用证业务的一般结算程序：

1 合同
受益人 开证申请人
采用信用证支付方式
5 装运 14
6 B/L 15 提货
4 7 8 13 12 11 2
B/L
船公司
通 交 垫 交 付 提 申
知 单 付 单 款 示 请
信 议 货 付 开
用 付 款 款 证
证

10 偿付
通知行 议付行 付款行 开证行
9 寄单索汇

3 开立信用证，寄交通知行
Instrument of Payment
详解

现 汇 本 支
金 票 票 票
Modes of Payment
详解

出
银 口
信
汇 托 行 保
用 付
付 收 保
证 代
函
理